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sastrugi
Sastrugi, or zastrugi, are sharp irregular grooves or ridges formed on a snow surface by wind erosion, saltation of snow particles, and deposition, and found in polar and temperate snow regions. The ridges are markedly perpendicular to the prevailing winds; they are steep on the windward side, and sloping to the leeward side.〔 Smaller irregularities of this type are known as ripples (small, ~10 mm high), or wind ridges.
Larger features are especially troublesome to skiers and snowboarders. Traveling on the irregular surface of sastrugi can be very tiring, and can risk breaking equipment—ripples and waves are often undercut, the surface is hard and unforgiving with constant minor topographic changes between ridge and trough.
== Etymology ==
The words ''sastrugi''/''zastrugi'' are Russian-language plurals; the singular is ''sastruga'' or ''zastruga''. The form ''sastruga'' is the German-language transliteration of the Russian word заструга (plural: заструги).〔C. Fitzhugh Talman: ''(The singular of “sastrugi” )'', Monthly Weather Review 43, February 1915, p. 85–86〕
A Latin-type analogical singular ''sastrugus'' is used in various writings including Robert Falcon Scott's expedition's diaries, and Ernest Shackleton's ''The Heart of the Antarctic''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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