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satrap
Satraps were the governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.
The word satrap is also often used metaphorically in modern literature to refer to world leaders or governors who are heavily influenced by larger world superpowers or hegemonies and act as their surrogates.
==Etymology==
The word "satrap" originates ultimately (via Ancient Greek and Latin) from Old Persian ''xšaçapāvan'' ("protector of the province"), Sanskrit ''kshatrapam'' () or ''kshtrapa'', from ''xšaça'' ("realm" or "province") and ''pāvan'' ("protector"). In Greek, the word was rendered as ''satrápēs'' ()—which later borrowed into Latin as ラテン語:''satrapes''—from a Western Iranian cognate ''xšaθrapā(van)''. In modern Persian the descendant of ''xšaθrapāvan'' is ''shahrbān'' (), but the components have undergone semantic shift so the word now means "town keeper" (''shahr'' [] meaning "town" + ''bān'' [] meaning "keeper").
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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