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satya
Satya is the Sanskrit word for truth.〔A. A. Macdonell, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 978-8120617797, page 330-331〕〔J. Wentzel Vrede van Huyssteen et al (2003), Encyclopedia of Science and Religion, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-02-865704-7, page 405〕 It also refers to a virtue in Indian religions, referring to being truthful in one's thought, speech and action.〔 In Yoga, ''satya'' is one of five yamas, the virtuous restraint from falsehood and distortion of reality in one's expressions and actions.〔GR Garg, Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World, Volume 3, ISBN 81-7022-3733, page 733〕
==Etymology==
In the Vedas and later sutras, the meaning of the word satya () evolves into an ethical concept about truthfulness and is considered an important virtue.〔KN Tiwari (1998), Classical Indian Ethical Thought, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120816077, page 87〕〔A Dhand (2002), The dharma of ethics, the ethics of dharma: Quizzing the ideals of Hinduism, Journal of Religious Ethics, 30(3), pages 347-372〕 It means being true and consistent with reality in one's thought, speech and action.〔
A related concept, sattva, also derived from "sat", means true essence, nature, spiritual essence, character.〔Monier-Williams' Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Sattva, 〕 Sattva is also a guṇa, a psychology concept particularly in the Samkhya school of philosophy, where it means goodness, purity, clean, positive, one that advances good true nature of self.〔Monier Monier-Williams, (Indian Wisdom ), Luzac & Co London, page 94-99〕〔Gananath Obeyesekere (1977),'' The theory and practice of psychological medicine in the Ayurvedic tradition'', Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp 155-181〕
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