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savak
SAVAK (Persian: ساواک, short for سازمان اطلاعات و امنیت کشور ''Sāzemān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar'', Organization of Intelligence and National Security) was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service established by Iran's Mohammad Reza Shah with the help of the United States' Central Intelligence Agency (the CIA) and Israel.〔(Iran ), ''Library of Congress Country Studies'' (pp 276). Retrieved August 12, 2015.〕 SAVAK operated from 1957 to 1979, when the prime minister Shapour Bakhtiar ordered its dissolve during the outbreak of Iranian Revolution. SAVAK has been described as Iran's "most hated and feared institution" prior to the revolution of 1979 because of its practice of torturing and executing opponents of the Pahlavi regime.〔(Federation of American Scientists "Ministry of Security SAVAK" )〕〔(Intelligence (international relations) : Iran ). (2008). In ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Retrieved July 26, 2008.〕 At its peak, the organization had as many as 60,000 agents serving in its ranks according to one source,〔Dilip Hiro, ''Iran under the ayatollahs'' (1987), p. 96.〕 although Gholam Reza Afkhami estimates SAVAK staffing at between 4,000 and 6,000.〔Gholam Reza Afkhami, ''Life and Times of the Shah'' (University of California Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-520-25328-5), p. 386.〕
== History ==
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