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scyphate
Scyphate is a term frequently used in numismatics to refer to the concave or "cup-shaped" Byzantine coins of the 11th–14th centuries.
This usage emerged in the 19th century, when the term ''scyphatus'', attested in south Italian documents of the 11th and 12th centuries, was erroneously interpreted as deriving from the Greek word ''skyphos'' (σκύφος, "cup"). In reality, the term probably derives from the Arabic word ''shafah'', "edge, rim", and refers to the distinctive and conspicuous border of the early ''histamena'' gold coins.〔; .〕 Due to this misunderstanding, the term "scyphate" has been widely applied to the concave gold, silver, and copper coins of the late Byzantine Empire and the foreign issues imitating it. These coins are more properly designated as ''trachea'' (singular: ''trachy'', from Greek τραχύ, "rough, uneven").〔.〕
==Gallery==
File:Scifato_ducale.jpg|"Scyphate" silver ducat of Roger II of Sicily.
File:Histamenon nomisma-Isaac I-sb1776.jpg|"Scyphate" ''histamenon'' of Emperor Isaac I Komnenos (r. 1057–1059).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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