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secretin
Secretin is a peptide hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body, and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach and pancreas. Secretin is produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands. In humans, the secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene. Secretin was the first hormone to be identified.〔http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11816326〕
Secretin also helps regulate the pH of the duodenum by: inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach; and stimulating the production of bicarbonate from the centroacinar cells and intercalated ducts of the pancreas.
In 2007, secretin was discovered to play a role in osmoregulation by acting on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and kidney.
==Discovery ==
In 1902, William Bayliss and Ernest Starling were studying how the nervous system controls the process of digestion. It was known that the pancreas secreted digestive juices in response to the passage of food (chyme) through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. They discovered (by cutting all the nerves to the pancreas in their experimental animals) that this process was not, in fact, governed by the nervous system. They determined that a substance secreted by the intestinal lining stimulates the pancreas after being transported via the bloodstream. They named this intestinal secretion ''secretin''. Secretin was the first such "chemical messenger" identified. This type of substance is now called a hormone, a term coined by Bayliss in 1905.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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