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PiS (Law and Justice) (234) Supported by * PRz (Right Wing of the Republic) (1)〔(【引用サイトリンク】language=pl )〕 Opposition parties * PO (Civic Platform) (138) * K'15 (Kukiz'15) (41) * .N (.Modern) (28) * PSL (Polish People's Party) (16) * MN (German Minority) (1) * Independent (1)〔http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/posiedzenie.nsf/0/402E6E949B053A27C1257EFF0031E31F/$file/Stan%20na%20dzie%C5%84%2016%20listopada%202015%20r.pdf〕〔 | committees1 = | committees2 = | voting_system1 = | last_election1 = October 2015 | next_election1 = Not later than November 2019 | session_room = Zgromadzenie Narodowe 4 czerwca 2014 Kancelaria Senatu 03.JPG | session_res = 240px | meeting_place = The ''Sejm'' Building Śródmieście, Warsaw | website = | footnotes = 8% for coalitions. }} The ''Sejm'' of the Republic of Poland (; (ポーランド語:Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)) is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It consists of 460 deputies (''posłowie'', literally "envoys", in Polish) elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the ''Sejm'' of the Republic of Poland" (''Marszałek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''). In the Kingdom of Poland, "''Sejm''" referred to the entire three-chamber parliament of Poland, comprising the lower house (the Chamber of Envoys; (ポーランド語:Izba Poselska)), the upper house (the Senate; Polish: ''Senat'') and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. Since the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), "''Sejm''" has referred only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the ''Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej'' ("Senate of the Republic of Poland"). == History == === Kingdom of Poland === "''Sejm''" stems from an Old Slavic word meaning "gathering". Its origin was the King's Councils (''wiece''), which gained power during the time of Poland's fragmentation (1146–1295). The 1182 ''Sejm'' in Łęczyca (known as the ''First Sejm'') was the most notable of these councils, in that for the first time in Poland's history it established laws constraining the power of the ruler. It forbade arbitrary sequestration of supplies in the countryside and takeover of bishopric lands after the death of a bishop. These early ''Sejm''s were not a regular event, they convened at the King's behest. After the 1493 ''Sejm'' in Piotrków, it became a regularly convening body, to which indirect elections were held every two years. The bicameral system was also established there. The ''Sejm'' now comprised two chambers: the ''Senat'' (Senate) of 81 bishops and other dignitaries; and the Chamber of Envoys, made up of 54 envoys elected by smaller local ''sejmik'' (assemblies of landed nobility) in each of the Kingdom's provinces. At the time, Poland's nobility, which accounted for around 10% of the state's population (then the highest amount in Europe), was becoming particularly influential, and with the eventual development of the Golden Liberty, the ''Sejms powers increased dramatically.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Poznaj Sejm )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sejm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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