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__NOTOC__ A sememe () is a semantic language unit of meaning, correlative to a morpheme. The concept is relevant in structural semiotics. A sememe is a proposed unit of transmitted or intended meaning; it is atomic or indivisible. A sememe can be the meaning expressed by a morpheme, such as the English pluralizing morpheme ''-s'', which carries the sememic feature (plural ). Alternatively, a single sememe (for example () or ()) can be conceived as the abstract representation of such verbs as ''skate, roll, jump, slide, turn'', or ''boogie''. It can be thought of as the semantic counterpart to any of the following: a meme in a culture, a gene in a genetic make-up, or an atom (or, more specifically, an elementary particle) in a substance. A seme is the name for the smallest unit of meaning recognized in semantics, referring to a single characteristic of a sememe. There are five types of sememes: two denotational and three connotational, with connotational occurring only in phrase units (they do not reflect the denotation):〔(Pragmatic and syntagmatic aspects of phraseology, Krassnoff (in Russian) )〕 # Denotational 1: Primary denotation, for example "head" (body); # Denotational 2: Secondary denotation by resemblance with other denotation: "head" (ship); # Connotational 1: High position, as the role or function of "head" in the operation of the human body; # Connotational 2: Emotive, e.g., meaning in "honey"; # Connotational 3: Evaluative, e.g., meaning in "sneak" – move silently and secretly for a bad purpose The operational definition of synonymy depends on the distinctions between these classes of sememes. For example, the differentiation between what some academics call cognitive synonyms and near-synonyms depends on these differences. A related concept is that of the ''episememe'' (as described in the works of Leonard Bloomfield), which is a unit of meaning corresponding to the tagmeme (see the latter article for details). ==See also== * Emic unit * Memetics * Problem of universals * Semantic field * Word sense 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sememe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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