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septuagint
The Septuagint (from the Latin ''ラテン語:septuaginta'', "seventy") is a translation of the Hebrew Bible and some related texts into Koine Greek. As the primary Greek translation of the Old Testament, it is also called the Greek Old Testament. This translation is quoted a number of times in the New Testament,〔Nicole, Roger - (New Testament Use of the Old Testament ) ''Revelation and the Bible'', ed. Carl. F.H. Henry (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1958), pp. 137-151. The frequent use of the LXX, it must also be noted, did not impose upon the New Testament authors the obligation to quote always in accordance with this version.〕〔"The quotations from the Old Testament found in the New are in the main taken from the Septuagint; and even where the citation is indirect the influence of this version is clearly seen."(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3269-bible-translations )〕 particularly in Pauline epistles,〔"His quotations from Scripture, which are all taken, directly or from memory, from the Greek version, betray no familiarity with the original Hebrew text (...) Nor is there any indication in Paul's writings or arguments that he had received the rabbinical training ascribed to him by Christian writers (...)"(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11952-paul-of-tarsus )〕 and also by the Apostolic Fathers and later Greek Church Fathers. The title (Greek: Ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα, lit. "The Translation of the Seventy") and its Roman numeral acronym LXX refer to the legendary seventy Jewish scholars who solely translated the Five Books of Moses as early as the 3rd century BCE.〔"()he Pentateuch was translated at the time of Philadelphus, the second Ptolemy (285–247 B.C.())"(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3269-bible-translations )〕〔
The traditional story is that Ptolemy II sponsored the translation of the Torah (Pentateuch, Five Books of Moses). Subsequently, the Greek translation was in circulation among the Alexandrian Jews who were fluent in Koine Greek but not in Hebrew,〔"()he Egyptian papyri, which are abundant for this particular period, ... have in a measure reinstated Aristeas (about 200 B.C.()) in the opinion of scholars. Upon his "Letter to Philocrates" the tradition as to the origin of the Septuagint rests. It is now believed that even though he may have been mistaken in some points, his facts in general are worthy of credence (Abrahams, in "Jew. Quart. Rev." xiv. 321). According to Aristeas, the Pentateuch was translated at the time of Philadelphus, the second Ptolemy (285–247 B.C.()), which translation was encouraged by the king and welcomed by the Jews of Alexandria. Grätz ("Gesch. der Juden", 3d ed., iii. 615) stands alone in assigning it to the reign of Philometor (181–146 B.C.()). Whatever share the king may have had in the work, it evidently satisfied a pressing need felt by the Jewish community, among whom a knowledge of Hebrew was rapidly waning before the demands of every-day life."(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3269-bible-translations )〕 the former being the ''lingua franca'' of Alexandria, Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean at the time.〔(Jewish Encyclopedia: Hellenism: Range of Hellenic Influence ): "Except in Egypt, Hellenic influence was nowhere stronger than on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. Greek cities arose there in continuation, or in place, of the older Semitic foundations, and gradually changed the aspect of the country."〕
The Septuagint should not be confused with the seven or more other Greek versions of the Old Testament,〔 most of which did not survive except as fragments (some parts of these being known from Origen's Hexapla, a comparison of six translations in adjacent columns, now almost wholly lost). Of these, the most important are those by Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion.
==Name==
The Septuagint derives its name from the Latin ''versio septuaginta interpretum'', "translation of the seventy interpreters", Greek: ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα, ''hē metáphrasis tōn hebdomḗkonta'', "translation of the seventy".〔 However, it was not until the time of Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE) that the Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures came to be called by the Latin term ''Septuaginta''.〔Sundberg, in McDonald & Sanders, eds., ''The Canon Debate'', p.72. See Augustine, ''The City of God'', 18.42, where Augustine says that "this name () has now become traditional", indicating that this was a recent event. But Augustine offers no clue as to which of the possible antecedents led to this development.〕 The Roman numeral LXX (seventy) is commonly used as an abbreviation, as are 〔''Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia'', for instance.〕 or G.
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