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shahid
Shahid and Shaheed ((アラビア語:شهيد) ', plural: ') originates from the Qur'anic Arabic word meaning "witness" and is also used to denote a "martyr". It is used as a honorific for Muslims who have died fulfilling a religious commandment, especially those who die wielding jihad, or historically in the military expansion of Islam. The act of martyrdom is ''istishhad''.
The word ''shahid'' in Arabic means "witness". Its development closely parallels that of Greek ''martys'' ( - "witness", in the New Testament also "martyr"), the origin of the term martyr. ''Shahid'' occurs frequently in the Quran in the generic sense "witness", but only once in the sense "martyr; one who dies deliberately for his faith"; this latter sense acquires wider use in the hadiths.〔"The word shahid (plural shahada) has the meaning of “martyr” and is closely related in its development to the Greek martyrios in that it means both a witness and a martyr () in the latter sense only once is it attested (3:141)." David Cook, (Oxford Bibliographies )〕〔(Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon )〕
==Quranic references==
A shahid is considered one whose place in Paradise is promised according to these verses in the Qur'an:
The Quranic passage that follows is the source of the concept of Muslim martyrs being promised Paradise:
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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