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''Sharīf'' Asharif or Alsharif ((アラビア語:شريف) ') or Chérif (Darija: Chorfa) is a traditional Arab title in origin, the word is an adjective meaning "noble", "highborn". The feminine singular is sharifa(h) ((アラビア語:شريفة) '). The masculine plural is Ashraf ((アラビア語:اشراف) '). Sunnis in the Arab world reserve the term ''sharif'' for descendants of Hasan ibn Ali, while ''sayyid'' is used for descendants of Husayn ibn Ali, Hasan's younger brother. Both Hasan and Husayn are grandchildren of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through the marriage of his cousin Ali and his daughter Fatima. However ever since the post-Hashemite era began in 1925 after the fall of the Sharif of Mecca, the term ''sayyid'' has been used to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn. Shiites use the terms ''sayyid'' and ''habib'' to denote descendants from both Hasan and Husayn; see also ashraf. From 1201 until 1925, when the Hejaz was conquered by Ibn Saud, this family (the descendants of Hasan ibn Ali) held the office of the Sharīf of Mecca, often also carrying the title and office of King of Hejaz. Descendants now rule the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the name being taken from the Banu Hashim, the sub-tribe of Banu Quraish, to which Muhammad belonged. In Morocco, several of the regal dynasties have been qualified as "Sharifian", being descendants of Muhammad. Today's Alaouite dynasty has made claims to be Sharifian. The word has no etymological connection with the English term ''sheriff'', which comes from the Old English word ''scīrgerefa'', meaning "shire-reeve", the local reeve (enforcement agent) of the king in the shire (county).〔(Online Etymology Dictionary:sheriff ), (Online Etymology Dictionary:reeve )〕 == The Maghreb == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sharif」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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