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sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced or ; (アラビア語:شيخ) ' (:ʃæjx), mostly pronounced (:ʃeːx), plural ' (:ʃuju:x))—also transliterated Sheik, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Shaikh, Cheikh, and Shekh— is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates the ruler of a tribe, who inherited the title from his father. "Sheikh" is given to a royal male at birth, whereas the related title "Sheikha" is given to a royal female at birth. "Sheikh" also often serves as a title for prominent Islamic leaders or clerics.
==Etymology and meaning==
The word in Arabic stems from a triliteral root connected with age and aging: ش-ي-خ, ''shīn-yā'-khā. The term literally means a man of vast power, and nobility, and it is used strictly for the royal families of the middle east. The title carries the meaning leader, elder, or noble, especially in the Arabian Peninsula within the Tribes of Arabia, where ''shaikh'' became a traditional title of a Bedouin tribal leader in recent centuries. Due to the cultural impact of Arab civilization, and especially through the spread of Islam, the word has gained currency as a religious term or general honorific in many other parts of the world as well, notably in Muslim cultures in Africa and Asia.
While the title can be used religiously by Muslims to designate a learned person, as an Arabic word it is essentially independent of religion. It is notably used by Druze for their religious men, but also by Arab Christians for elder men of stature. Its usage and meaning is similar to the Latin ''senex'' meaning "old ()", from which the Latin (and English) "senator" is derived. Accordingly, the Arabic term for most legislative bodies termed Senate (e.g. the United States Senate) is ''majlis al-shuyūkh'', literally meaning "Council of Senators."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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