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Shellfish is a culinary and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater environments, some kinds are found in freshwater. In addition a few species of land crabs are eaten, for example ''Cardisoma guanhumi'' in the Caribbean. Despite the name, shellfish are not a kind of fish, but are simply water-dwelling animals. Many varieties of shellfish (crustaceans in particular) are actually closely related to insects and arachnids, making up one of the main classes of the phylum Arthropoda. Cephalopods (squid, octopus, cuttlefish) and bivalves (clams, oysters) are molluscs, as are snails and slugs. Familiar marine molluscs enjoyed as a food source by humans include many species of clams, mussels, oysters, winkles, and scallops. Some crustaceans commonly eaten are shrimp, lobster, crayfish, and crabs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-85675992.html )〕 Echinoderms are not as frequently harvested for food as molluscs and crustaceans; however, sea urchin roe is quite popular in many parts of the world. Most shellfish eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/W3732E/w3732e02.htm )〕 Shellfish are among the most common food allergens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/shellfish_allergies/hic_shellfish_allergies.aspx )〕 ==Terminology== The term ''shellfish'' is used both broadly and specifically. In common parlance, as in having "shellfish" for dinner, it can refer to anything from clams and oysters to lobster and shrimp. For regulatory purposes it is often narrowly defined as ''filter-feeding molluscs'' such as clams, mussels, and oyster to the exclusion of crustaceans and all else.〔(Maryland Shellfish Harvesting Areas ), Maryland Department of the Environment〕 Although the term is primarily applied to marine species, edible freshwater invertebrates such as crayfish and river mussels are also sometimes grouped under the umbrella of "shellfish". Although their shells may differ, all shellfish are invertebrates. As non-mammalian animals that spend their entire lives in water they are "fish" in an informal sense; however the term ''finfish'' is sometimes used to distinguish fish as animals ''defined by having vertebrae'' from shellfish in modern terminology. The word "shellfish" is both singular and plural; the rarely used "shellfishes" is sometimes employed to distinguish among various types of shellfish. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shellfish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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