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:''Not to be confused with sherif or sharif. For other uses, see Sheriff (disambiguation).'' In principle, a sheriff is a legal official with responsibility for a "shire", i.e. county. In practice, the specific combination of legal, political and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country. * In the United States of America, a sheriff is a sworn law enforcement officer and the duties of his/her office vary across states and counties. A sheriff is generally an elected county official, with duties that typically include policing rural areas, maintaining county jails, and (in some states) serving warrants and court papers. In addition to these policing and correction services, a sheriff is often responsible for enforcing civil law within his/her jurisdiction. * A sheriff (or High sheriff) is a ceremonial county or city official in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and India. * In Scotland, sheriffs are judges.〔http://www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/36/0/Sheriffs〕 *In the Republic of Ireland, sheriffs are legal officials similar to bailiffs in some counties and in the cities of Dublin and Cork. *In Australia and South Africa sheriffs are legal officials similar to bailiffs. In these countries there is no link maintained between counties and sheriffs. *In Canada, sheriffs exist in most provinces. The provincial sheriff services generally manage and transport court prisoners, serve court orders, and in some provinces sheriffs provide security for the court system, protect public officials, support investigations by local police services and in Alberta, sheriffs carry out traffic enforcement. In British English, the political or legal office of a sheriff, term of office of a sheriff, or jurisdiction of a sheriff, is called a shrievalty.〔http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shrievalty〕 ==Term== The word "sheriff" is a contraction of the term "shire reeve". The term, from the Old English ''scīrgerefa'', designated a royal official responsible for keeping the peace (a "reeve") throughout a shire or county on behalf of the king.〔(Online Etymology Dictionary:sheriff ), (Online Etymology Dictionary:reeve )〕 The term was preserved in England notwithstanding the Norman Conquest. From the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, the term spread to several other regions, at an early point to Scotland, latterly to Ireland and to the United States. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sheriff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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