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Shikumen (Chinese: t , s , p ''shíkùmén'', lit. "Stone Warehouse Gate") is a traditional Shanghainese architectural style combining Western and Chinese elements that first appeared in the 1860s. At the height of their popularity, there were 9000 shikumen-style buildings in Shanghai, comprising 60% of the total housing stock of the city,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title= History of Shikumen )〕 but today the proportion is much lower as most Shanghainese live in large apartment buildings. Shikumen is classified as one type of ''lilong'' residences. In 2010, "construction techniques of shikumen ''lilong'' architecture" was recognised by the Chinese government on the national non-physical cultural heritage register (no. VIII-210). Shikumen houses were also introduced to other port cities in China. For example, many were built in the foreign concessions of Hankou (now part of Wuhan), and some can still be seen there today. ==Structure== Shikumens are two- or three-story structures resembling Western terrace houses or townhouses, distinguished by high brick walls enclosing a narrow front yard. The name "stone gate" references these strong gateways. Each residence abuts another and all are arranged in straight side alleys called longtang (Chinese: t or , s , p ''lòngtáng''; Shanghainese: ''longdang''). The entrance to each alley is usually surmounted by a stylistic stone arch. The shikumen is a cultural blend of the elements found in Western architecture with traditional Lower Yangtze architecture and social behavior. Traditional Chinese dwellings had a courtyard, and the Shikumen was no exception. Yet, to compromise with its urban nature, it was much smaller and provided an interior haven to the commotions in the streets, allowing for raindrops to fall and vegetation to grow freely within a residence.〔(文汇报:从石库门走入上海城市文化 ) (''Wen Wei Po'': Stepping into Shanghai's urban culture through the Shikumen), ''Wen Wei Po'' 18 January 2010〕 The courtyard also allowed sunlight and improved ventilation into the rooms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shikumen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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