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shingeki
was the leading form of modern theater in Japan in the twentieth century. It was the effort to introduce Western-style realist theatre to Japan, first by presenting the works of Western writers such as Henrik Ibsen, Anton Chekhov, Maxim Gorky, and Eugene O'Neill, but then by producing Japanese works. Performances reflected the styles of Russian proscenium theatre, and some of the elements included realistic/foreign costumes, the use of actresses over onnagata, self-contained plots, and, when transferred to film, close-ups.
==History==
Shingeki developed at the beginning of the twentieth century following shinpa, another attempt to modernize theatrical performance after kabuki. The central groups in the early years were the Literary Arts Society of Tsubouchi Shoyo (started in 1906) and the Free Theatre of Kaoru Osanai (started in 1909).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Osanai, Kaoru - Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures )〕 Hogetsu Shimamura was also important in the development of ''shingeki''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Shimamura, Hogetsu - Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures )〕 The Tsukiji Shogekijo, co-founded by Osanai and Yoshi Hijikata in 1924, was the most important prewar group, coming under the influence of Stanislavsky and left-wing politics.〔〔 Important playwrights at the time included Kunio Kishida, Tanaka Chikao, and Tomoyoshi Murayama.〔 Because of its politics, however, shingeki suffered from government repression during World War II. After the war, three troupes dominated the scene: the Haiyu-za, led by Koreya Senda; the Bungaku-za, with Haruko Sugimura; and Gekidan Mingei, with Osamu Takizawa and Jukichi Uno.〔〔 Major literary figures such as Yukio Mishima and Kobo Abe wrote works for these troupes.〔 These troupes are still popular today, but the 1950s were their heyday, since shingeki at that time became the theatrical orthodoxy, the dominant form that young playwrights reacted against in the 1960s.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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