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A ship is a large buoyant watercraft. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size, shape and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing, entertainment, public safety, and warfare. Historically, a "ship" was a sailing vessel with at least three square-rigged masts and a full bowsprit. In armed conflict and in daily life ships have become an integral part of modern commercial and military systems. Fishing boats are used by millions of fishermen throughout the world. Military forces operate vessels for naval warfare and to transport and support forces ashore. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007.〔UNCTAD 2007, p. ''x'' and p. 32.〕 As of 2011, there are about 104,304 ships with IMO numbers in the world.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=How Many Ships are there in the World? )〕 Ships were always a key in history's great explorations and scientific and technological development. Navigators such as Zheng He spread such inventions as the compass and gunpowder. Ships have been used for such purposes as colonization and the slave trade, and have served scientific, cultural, and humanitarian needs. After the 16th century, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to the world population growth.〔"(The Columbian Exchange )". The University of North Carolina.〕 Ship transport has shaped the world's economy into today's energy-intensive pattern. == Nomenclature == Ships can usually be distinguished from boats based on size and the ship's ability to operate independently for extended periods.〔Cutler 1999, p. 620.〕 A commonly used rule of thumb is that if one vessel can carry another, the larger of the two is a ship.〔Cutler 1999, p. 611.〕 Dinghies are carried on sailing yachts as small as , clearly not ships; this rule of thumb is not foolproof. In the age of sail, a "ship" was a sailing vessel with at least three square-rigged masts and a full bowsprit; other types of vessel were also defined by their sailplan, e.g. barque, brigantine, etc. A number of large vessels are usually referred to as boats. Submarines are a prime example. Other types of large vessel which are traditionally called boats are Great Lakes freighters, riverboats, and ferryboats. Though large enough to carry their own boats and heavy cargoes, these vessels are designed for operation on inland or protected coastal waters. In most maritime traditions ships have individual names, and modern ships may belong to a ship class often named after its first ship. In English, a ship is traditionally referred to as "she", even if named after a man, but this is not universal usage; some journalistic style guides advise using "it" as referring to ships with female pronouns can be seen as offensive and outdated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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