|
Shoegazing (also known as shoegaze) is a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged from the United Kingdom in the late 1980s and reached peak popularity in the early 1990s. The term "shoegazing" was initially devised by the British music press as a gibe meant to ridicule the stage presence of a wave of groups who stood still during live performances in a detached, introspective, non-confrontational state, often with their heads down;〔(All Music: Genre: Shoegaze ). Retrieved 22 May 2014.〕〔 the heavy use of effects pedals also contributed to the image of performers looking down at their feet during concerts. The shoegazing sound is typified by significant use of distortion, feedback, obscured vocals, and the blurring of component musical parts into indistinguishable "walls of sound".〔 The term was often used contemporaneously with "dream pop."〔Nathaniel Wice / Steven Daly: ''"The dream pop bands were lionized by the capricious British music press, which later took to dismissing them as "shoegazers" for their affectless stage presence."'', Alt. Culture: An A-To-Z Guide to the '90s-Underground, Online, and Over-The-Counter, p.73, HarperCollins Publishers 1995, ISBN 0-0627-3383-4〕〔Pete Prown / Harvey P. Newquist: ''"One faction came to be known as dream-pop or "shoegazers" (for their habit of looking at the ground while playing the guitars on stage). They were musicians who played trancelike, ethereal music that was composed of numerous guitars playing heavy droning chords wrapped in echo effects and phase shifters."'', Hal Leonard 1997, ISBN 0-7935-4042-9〕 A loose label given to the shoegazing scene and other affiliated bands in London in the early 1990s was The Scene That Celebrates Itself. In the early 1990s, shoegazing groups were pushed aside by the American grunge movement and early Britpop acts such as Suede, forcing the relatively unknown bands to break up or reinvent their style altogether.〔 In the 2000s, there was renewed interest in the genre among "nu gaze" bands. ==Style== Common musical elements of shoegazing consist of distortion, droning riffs and a "wall of sound" from noisy guitars. Typically, two distorted rhythm guitars are played together to give an amorphous quality to the sound. Although lead guitar riffs were often present, they were not the central focus of most shoegazing songs. Vocals are typically subdued in volume and tone, but a strong sense of melody generally exists underneath the layers of guitars. However, lyrics are not emphasized, nor are vocals.〔Patrick Sisson, "(Vapour Trails: Revisiting Shoegaze )", XLR8R no. 123, December 2008〕 While the genres that influenced shoegazing often used drum machines, shoegazing more often features live drumming. The name was coined in a review in ''Sounds'' of a concert by the newly formed Moose in which singer Russell Yates read lyrics taped to the floor throughout the gig. The term was picked up by the ''NME'', who used it as a reference to the tendency of the bands' guitarists to stare at their feet—or their effects pedals—while playing, seemingly deep in concentration. ''Melody Maker'' preferred the more staid term The Scene That Celebrates Itself, referring to the habit that the bands had of attending gigs of other shoegazing bands, often in Camden, and often moonlighting in each other's bands: The shatteringly loud, droning neo-psychedelia the band performed was dubbed shoegazing by the British press because the bandmembers stared at the stage while they performed.〔 The term was often considered pejorative, especially by the English weekly music press who considered the movement as ineffectual, and it was disliked by many of the groups it purported to describe. Shoegazing was originally a slag-off term. My partner ("Moose" McKillop ), who was the guitarist in Moose, claims that it was originally leveled at his band. Apparently the journo was referring to the bank of effects pedals he had strewn across the stage that he had to keep staring at in order to operate. And then it just became a generic term for all those bands that had a big, sweeping, effects-laden sound, but all stood resolutely still on stage. – Miki Berenyi〔 Ride's singer Mark Gardener had a different take on the groups' static presentation: "We didn't want to use the stage as a platform for ego, like the big bands of the time did, like U2 and Simple Minds. We presented ourselves as normal people, as a band who wanted their fans to think they could do that, too."〔 The most commonly cited precursors to shoegazing are the Cocteau Twins,〔〔(" MBV, JAMC, Corgan, Coyne, Reznor in Shoegaze Doc" – Pitchfork Media article ) 〕 The Jesus and Mary Chain, A.R. Kane,〔Eric Weisbard, Craig Marks: ''Spin Alternative Record Guide'', Vintage Books, October 1995, ISBN 0679755748 ''"A.R. Kane starred "shoegazing" bands (Lush/Slowdive/Pale Saints, etc.) and the "post-rock" experimentalism of Disco Inferno and Bark Psychosis."''〕〔Simon & Schuster: ''The Trouser Press Guide to '90s Rock'', p.49, Fireside, March 1997, ISBN 0684814374 ''"A.R.Kane, the London duo ... (who dubbed their music "dreampop") exerted a profound sonic influence on the legion of trippy shoegazer guitar bands that would emerge a few years later in the UK."''〕 My Bloody Valentine, Spacemen 3 and Loop. Common musical threads between the different bands included garage rock, '60s psych, and American indie bands like Sonic Youth and Dinosaur Jr.〔 The first bands to attract the shoegazing label (Catherine Wheel, Slowdive, Swervedriver, Chapterhouse, Ride, Moose, Lush and Pale Saints) were largely influenced by My Bloody Valentine, and emerged in the wake of that band's 1988 breakthrough (with the "You Made Me Realise" single and album ''Isn't Anything'').〔 The shoegazing label has more recently been applied to My Bloody Valentine themselves, although Kevin Shields stated that the band had never used any chorus, flanger or delay effects pedals.〔Tom Murphy: ''(Interview with My Bloody Valentine )'', Denver Westword Music, April 23, 2009〕 Other artists that have been identified as influences on shoegazing include The Velvet Underground, Sonic Youth, Hüsker Dü, The Chameleons, The Cure,〔(Exclaim! Sound of Confusion article on Shoegaze ). Retrieved 22 September 2008.〕 Bauhaus,〔 Galaxie 500,〔(All Music: Portable Galaxie 500 ). Retrieved 5 January 2008.〕 and The Smiths.〔 Michael Azerrad's book ''Our Band Could Be Your Life'' cites an early 1990s Dinosaur Jr. tour of the United Kingdom as a key influence.〔Azerrad, Michael (2001). Our Band Could Be Your Life. Back Bay. pp. 366. ISBN 978-0-316-78753-6.〕 While not classified as a shoegazing band, Dinosaur Jr. did share a tendency to blend poppy melody with loud guitars and laconic vocals. A lengthy 1992 US tour featuring My Bloody Valentine, Dinosaur Jr. and Yo La Tengo raised the genre's profile in the US considerably. The roots of shoegazing have been located in post-punk,〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Heller, Jason )〕 psychedelia〔 and noise pop.〔http://www.allmusic.com/style/noise-pop-ma0000012156〕〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shoegazing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|