|
A ''shtreimel'' ((イディッシュ語:שטרײַמל), ''pl.'' שטרײַמלעך ''shtreimlech'') is a fur hat worn by many married ''haredi'' Jewish men, particularly (although not exclusively) members of Hasidic groups, on ''Shabbat'' and Jewish holidays and other festive occasions. In Jerusalem, the ''shtreimel'' is also worn by "Yerushalmi" Jews (non-Hasidim who belong to the original Ashkenazi community of Jerusalem, also known as Perushim). The ''shtreimel'' is generally worn only after marriage, except in some Yerushalmi communities, where boys wear it from the age of bar mitzvah. ==Origins== While there is strong religious custom for Jewish males to ''cover their heads'', from the standpoint of Jewish law there is no special religious significance to the shtreimel as compared to other head coverings. However, the wearing of two head coverings is considered to add additional spiritual merit, plus the presence of beautiful craftsmanship adds beautification and honor to the custom. The ''shtreimel'' is always worn over a ''kippah'', or yarmulke. There is much speculation surrounding the origin of the ''shtreimel''. According to the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', it is of Tatar origin.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (1963) Volume 23 page 113〕 A traditional story has it that an anti-Semitic political figure once issued a decree that male Jews must be identified on ''Shabbat'' by "wearing a tail" on their heads. Although the decree was an attempt to mock the Jews, the Hasidic rabbis considered the matter seriously, in keeping with the universally accepted Jewish law stating the Law of the Land in which Jews live is to be upheld so long as it does not obstruct Jewish observance. They arrived at a plan that complied with and even exceeded the decree by arranging to make hats such as worn by royalty, encircled by a ring of tails, thereby transforming an object of intended ridicule into a crown. Further, they instituted that the number of tails follow Jewish numerology, symbolizing the wearer's sacred intentions. Male Orthodox Jews can be highly conservative regarding headgear, and some traditional Jews still wear trilbys or homburgs; in France tricornes or in the UK top hats. Such headgear is worn on special occasions (such as Shabbat), in the synagogue, or by office-holders such as rabbis and even where non-Jews in the country of origin have mostly stopped wearing it. The ''shtreimel'' is comparable in construction to fur hats worn by Eastern European and Russian nobility and royalty. Peter the Great wore a hat resembling a ''shtreimel''. After Napoleon's failed attempt to conquer Russia in 1812, despite their dislike towards the "West" most Russians adopted western European dress, except the Jews, who wore the old style, including the shtreimel.〔Arnon, p.88〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「shtreimel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|