|
Silambam is a weapon-based Indian martial art from Tamil Nadu, but also traditionally practised by the Tamil community of Sri Lanka and Malaysia. It is closely related to Keralan kalaripayat and Sri Lankan angampora. It derives from the Tamil word ''silam'' meaning "hill" and the Kannada word ''bambu'' from which the English "bamboo" originates. The term ''silambambu'' referred to a particular type of bamboo from the Kurinji hills in present-day Kerala. Thus silambam was named after its primary weapon, the bamboo staff. The related term silambattam often refers specifically to stick-fighting. There are numerous styles of silambam but the ''nillaikalakki'' discipline (from ''nillai'' meaning posture and ''kalakki'' meaning to disturb or shuffle) is the most widespread style outside India, and is most well known in Malaysia. The styles differ from one another in grip, posture, foot work, length of the stick, etc. Silambam may either be practiced for the purpose of combat (போர்ச் சிலம்பம் ''por silambam'') or purely for demonstration (அலங்காரச் சிலம்பம் ''alangara silambam''). Masters are called ''asaan'' (ஆசான்) while grandmasters are addressed as ''periyasaan'' (பெரியாசன்), ''iyan'' (ஐயன்), or ''annaavi'' (அண்ணாவி). ==Origins== Oral folklore traces silambam back several thousand years to the siddhar (enlightened sage) Agastya. While on his way to Vellimalai, Agastya discussed Hindu philosophy with an old man he met, said to be the god Murugan in disguise. The old man taught him of kundalini yoga and how to focus prana through the body's nadi (channels). Agastya practiced this method of meditation and eventually compiled three texts on palm leaves based on the god's teachings. One of these texts was the ''Kampu Sutra'' (Staff Classic) which was said to record advanced fighting theories in verse. These poems and the art they described were allegedly passed on to other siddha of the ''Agastmuni akhara'' (Agastya school) and eventually formed the basis of silambam, siddha medicine, and the southern style of kalaripayat. References in the ''Silappadikkaram'' and other works of Sangam literature shows that silambam has been practiced as far back as the 2nd century BC. The bamboo staff - along with swords, pearls and armor - was in great demand with foreign traders, particularly those from Southeast Asia where silambam greatly influenced many fighting systems. The Indian community of the Malay Peninsula is known to have practiced silambam as far back as the period of Melaka's founding in the 15th century, and likely much earlier. The soldiers of Kings Puli Thevar, Veerapandiya Kattabomman and Maruthu Pandiyar (1760–1799) relied mainly on their silambam prowess in their warfare against the British Army.〔 Indian martial arts suffered a decline after the British colonists banned silambam along with various other systems. They also introduced modern western military training which favoured fire-arms over traditional weaponry. During this time, silambam became more common in Southeast Asia than its native India where it was banned by the British rulers.〔Crego, Robert (2003). ''Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries'' pg 32. Greenwood Press〕 The ban was lifted after India achieved independence. Today, silambam is the most famous and widely practiced Indian martial art in Malaysia where demonstrations are held for cultural shows. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「silambam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|