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silibinin
Silibinin (INN), also known as silybin (both from ''Silybum'', the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin itself is mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, in approximately equimolar ratio.〔Davis-Searles P, Nakanishi, Y, Nam-Cheol K, et al. (2005). "Milk Thistle and Prostate Cancer: Differential Effects of Pure Flavonolignans from Silybum marianum on Antiproliferative End Points in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells" ''Cancer Research'' 65 (10):4448-57. (doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4662 )〕
There is some clinical evidence for the use of silibinin as a supportive element in alcoholic and child grade 'A' liver cirrhosis.〔
==Pharmacology==
Poor water solubility and bioavailability of silymarin led to the development of enhanced formulations. Silipide (trade name Siliphos), a complex of silymarin and phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), is about 10 times more bioavailable than silymarin.〔 An earlier (study ) had concluded Siliphos to have 4.6 fold higher bioavailability.〔Barzaghi N, Crema F, Gatti G, Pifferi G, Perucca E. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1990;15:333–8.〕 It has been also reported that silymarin inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin is much more soluble than silymarin itself.〔 There have also been prepared glycosides of silybin, which show better water solubility and even stronger hepatoprotective effect.〔
Silymarin, as other flavonoids, has been shown to inhibit P-glycoprotein-mediated cellular efflux.〔 The modulation of P-glycoprotein activity may result in altered absorption and bioavailability of drugs that are P-glycoprotein substrates. It has been reported that silymarin inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes and an interaction with drugs primarily cleared by P450s cannot be excluded.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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