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simurgh
Simurgh (; Persian: سیمرغ ''sɪmorγ''), also spelled ''simorgh'', ''simurg'', ''simoorg'' or ''simourv'', is an Iranian benevolent, mythical flying creature. It is sometimes equated with other mythological birds such as a "Griffin", Persian Homā ((ペルシア語:هما)), or Turkic Kerkés.〔Juan Eduardo Cirlot, A Dictionary of Symbols, Courier Dover Publications, 2002, p.253〕 The figure can be found in all periods of Greater Iranian art and literature and is also evident in the iconography of Georgia,〔For example,on the wall of samtavisi church〕 medieval Armenia,〔For example, fresco depiction of simurghs inside medallions (evoking motifs found on Sassanid textiles) in the church of Tigran Honents at Ani. P Donabedian and J. M. Thierry, ''Armenian Art'', New York, 1989, p. 488.〕 the Byzantine empire,〔For example, a row of simurghs are depicted inside the "Ağaçaltı" church in the Ihlara gorge. Thierry, N. and M., ''Nouvelles églises rupestres de Cappadoce'', Paris, 1963, p. 84-85.〕 and other regions that were within the realm of Persian cultural influence.
The name ''simurgh'' derives from Middle Persian Pahlavi ''sēnmurw''〔A. Jeroussalimskaja, "Soieries sassanides", ''Splendeur des sassanides: l'empire perse entre Rome et la Chine'' (Brussels, 1993) pp. 114, 117f, points out that the spelling ''senmurv'', is incorrect (noted by David Jacoby, "Silk Economics and Cross-Cultural Artistic Interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim World, and the Christian West", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' 58 (2004:197-240) p. 212 note 82.〕〔Schmidt, Hanns-Peter (2002). (Simorgh )''. in Encyclopedia Iranica.〕 (and earlier ''sēnmuruγ''), also attested in Middle Persian Pāzand as ''sīna-mrū''. The Middle Persian term derives in turn from Avestan ''mərəγō Saēnō'' "the bird Saēna", originally a raptor, likely an eagle, falcon, or sparrowhawk, as can be deduced from the etymological cognate Sanskrit ''śyenaḥ'' ("raptor, eagle, bird of prey") that also appears as a divine figure. ''Saēna'' is also a personal name, which is root of the name. The word was also borrowed into Armenian as ''siramarg'' ‘peacock’.
The most prestigious award given by Fajr International Film Festival, Iran's major annual film festival, is called the Crystal Simorgh, after the mythical creature.
==Mythology==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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