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Sodomy () is generally anal or oral sex between people or sexual activity between a person and a non-human animal (bestiality), but may also include any non-procreative sexual activity. Originally the term ''sodomy'', which is derived from the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in chapters 18 and 19 of the Book of Genesis in the Bible, was commonly restricted to anal sex. Sodomy laws in many countries criminalized these behaviors, and other disfavored sexual activities as well.〔〔 (Or )〕 In the Western world, many of these laws have been overturned or are not routinely enforced. ==Terminology== The term is derived from the Ecclesiastical Latin ''ラテン語:peccatum Sodomiticum'' or "sin of Sodom", which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek word (Sódoma).〔(myetymology.com ), Sodomy〕 Genesis (chapters 18-20) tells how God wished to destroy the "sinful" cities of Sodom and Gomorrah. Two angels are invited by Lot to take refuge with his family for the night. The men of Sodom surround Lot's house and demand that he bring the messengers out so that they may "know" them (the expression includes sexual connotations). Lot protests that the "messengers" are his guests and offers the Sodomites his virgin daughters instead, but then they threaten to "do worse" with Lot than they would with his guests. Then the angels strike the Sodomites blind, "so that they wearied themselves to find the door." (Genesis 19:4-11, KJV) In current usage, the term is particularly used in law. Laws prohibiting sodomy were seen frequently in past Jewish, Christian, and Islamic civilizations, but the term has little modern usage outside Africa, Islamic countries, and the United States.〔(sodomy laws )〕 These laws in the United States have been challenged and have sometimes been found unconstitutional or been replaced with different legislation.〔(''Lawrence v. Texas'' in which The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6-3 that sodomy laws are unconstitutional on June 26, 2003 )〕 Elsewhere, the legal use of the term ''sodomy'' is restricted to rape cases where anal penetration has taken place.〔(Laws around the World )〕 Many cognates in other languages, such as French フランス語:''sodomie'' (verb フランス語:''sodomiser''), Spanish (verb ), and Portuguese (verb ), are used exclusively for penetrative anal sex, at least since the early nineteenth century. In those languages, the term is also often current vernacular (not just legal, unlike in other cultures) and a formal way of referring to any practice of anal penetration; the word ''sex'' is commonly associated with consent and pleasure with regard to all involved parties and often avoids directly mentioning two common aspects of social taboo – human sexuality and the anus – without a shunning or archaic connotation to its use. In modern German, the word ''ドイツ語:Sodomie'' has no connotation of anal or oral sex and specifically refers to bestiality.〔See Paragraph 175 StGB, version of June 28, 1935.〕 The same goes for the Polish '. The Norwegian word ' carries both senses. In Arabic and Persian, the word for sodomy, (Arabic pronunciation: '; Persian pronunciation '), is derived from the same source as in Western culture, with much the same connotations as English (referring to most sexual acts prohibited by the Qur'an). Its direct reference is to Lot (لوط ''Lūṭ'' in Arabic) and a more literal interpretation of the word is "the practice of Lot", but more accurately it means "the practice of Lot's people" (the Sodomites) rather than Lot himself. The word ''sod'', a noun or verb (to "sod off") used as an insult, is derived from ''sodomite.''〔(Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary. Main Entry: sod ) While religion and the law have had a fundamental role in the historical definition and punishment of sodomy, sodomitical texts present considerable opportunities for ambiguity and interpretation. Sodomy is both a real occurrence and an imagined category. In the course of the eighteenth century, what is identifiable as sodomy often becomes identified with effeminacy, for example, or in opposition to a discourse of manliness. In this regard, Ian McCormick has argued that "an adequate and imaginative reading involves a series of intertextual interventions in which histories becomes stories, fabrications and reconstructions in lively debate with, and around, 'dominant' heterosexualities ... Deconstructing what we think we see may well involve reconstructing ourselves in surprising and unanticipated ways."〔Ian McCormick, ''Secret Sexualities: A Sourcebook of 17th and 18th Century Writing.'' (London and New York: Routledge), p. 9, p. 11.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sodomy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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