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''Sorbus'' is a genus of about 100–200 species of trees and shrubs in the Rose family Rosaceae. Species of ''Sorbus'' (s.l.) are commonly known as whitebeam, rowan, service tree, and mountain-ash. The exact number of species is disputed depending on the circumscription of the genus, and also due to the number of apomictic microspecies, which some treat as distinct species but others group in a smaller number of variable species. Recent treatments 〔Robertson, K. R., J. B. Phipps, J. R. Rohrer, and P. G. Smith. 1991. A Synopsis of Genera in Maloideae (Rosaceae). ''Systematic Botany'' 16: 376–394.〕〔McAllister, H. 2005. The Genus ''Sorbus'': Mountain Ash and Other Rowans. Richmond, Surrey, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕〔Potter, D., T. Eriksson, R. C. Evans, S.-H. Oh, J. E. E. Smedmark, D.R. Morgan, M. S. Kerr, and C. S. Campbell. (2007). Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae. ''Plant Systematics and Evolution''. 266(1–2): 5–43.〕〔Campbell C. S., R. C. Evans, D. R. Morgan, T. A. Dickinson, and M. P. Arsenault. 2007. Phylogeny of subtribe Pyrinae (formerly the Maloideae, Rosaceae): Limited resolution of a complex evolutionary history. ''Pl. Syst. Evol.'' 266: 119–145.〕 treat ''Sorbus'' in a narrower sense to include only the pinnate leaved species of subgenus ''Sorbus'', raising several of the other subgenera to generic rank. ''Sorbus'' is unrelated to the true ash trees which belong to the genus ''Fraxinus'', although the leaves are superficially similar. As treated in its broad sense, the genus is divided into two main and three or four small subgenera (with more recent generic assignments in parentheses): *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Sorbus'' (genus ''Sorbus'' s.s.), commonly known as the rowan (primarily in the UK) or mountain-ash (in both North America and the UK), with compound leaves usually hairless or thinly hairy below; fruit carpels not fused; type species ''Sorbus aucuparia'' (European rowan). Distribution: cool-temperate Northern Hemisphere. (Genus ''Sorbus'' s.s.) *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Aria'' (genus ''Aria''), the whitebeam, with simple leaves usually strongly white-hairy below (hence the name, from German ''Weissbaum'', 'white tree'); fruit carpels not fused; type species ''Sorbus aria'' (common whitebeam). Distribution: temperate Europe & Asia. : *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Micromeles'' (genus ''Aria''), an indistinct group of a few east Asian species (e.g. ''Sorbus alnifolia'', Korean whitebeam) with narrow leaves; doubtfully distinct from and often included in subgenus ''Aria''. Distribution: temperate northeast Asia. *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Cormus'' (genus ''Cormus''), with compound leaves similar to subgenus ''Sorbus'', but with distinct fused carpels in the fruit; just one species, ''Sorbus domestica'' (True Service Tree). Distribution: North Africa, warm-temperate Europe, West Asia. *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Torminaria'' (genus ''Torminalis''), with rather maple-like lobed leaves with ''pointed'' lobes; fruit carpels not fused; just one species, ''Sorbus torminalis'' (Wild Service Tree). Distribution: temperate Europe, south to the mountains of North Africa and east to the Caucasus ranges. *''Sorbus'' subgenus ''Chamaemespilus'' (genus ''Chamaemespilus''), a single shrubby species ''Sorbus chamaemespilus'' (false medlar) with simple, glabrous leaves and pink flowers with erect sepals and petals. Distribution: mountains of southern Europe. *Hybrids are common in the genus, including many between the subgenera; very often these hybrids are apomictic (self-fertile without pollination), so able to reproduce clonally from seed without any variation. This has led to a very large number of microspecies, particularly in western Europe (including Britain) and parts of China. ''Sorbus'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some moth species—see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Sorbus. ==Wine== Sorbus was also a fortified Finnish fruit wine flavoured with rowan berries (sold until August 21, 2010). ''Sorbus domestica'' is used to flavour some apple wines, see apfelwein. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「sorbus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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