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souterrain
Souterrain (from French ''sous terrain'', meaning "under ground") is a name given by archaeologists to a type of underground structure associated mainly with the European Atlantic Iron Age.
These structures appear to have been brought northwards from Gaul during the late Iron Age. Regional names include earth houses, fogous and Pictish houses. The term ''souterrain'' has been used as a distinct term from ''fogou'' meaning ‘cave’.〔Crawford, O. G. S. (1959). ''Antiquity: A Quarterly Review of Archaeology''. Antiquity Publications.〕 In Cornwall the regional name of ''fogou'' (Cornish for ‘cave’) is applied to souterrain structures.〔Thomas, C. (1965). ''Rural Settlement in Roman Britain: Papers Given at a C.B.A. Conference Held at St. Hugh's College, Oxford'', January 1–3, Council for British Archaeology, St. Hugh's College (University of Oxford), 1966, 130 pages〕〔''Prehistoric Communities of the British Isles'', 1971, Greenwood Press, 274 pages〕 The design of underground structures has been shown to differ among regions; for example, in western Cornwall the design and function of the fogou appears to correlate with a larder use.〔Thomas, C. (1972). ''Souterrains in the Sea Province''. C.B.A. Research Report 9〕
The name ‘''souterrain''’ comes from the French language (''sous-terrain'', ''souterrain''), in which it means "underground passageway" and/or refers to subterranea in general. In languages other than English, it is sometimes used to mean ‘basement’, especially in warehouses, or semi-basement.
== Purpose ==
Souterrains are underground galleries and, in their early stages, were always associated with a settlement. The galleries were dug out and then lined with stone slabs or wood before being reburied. In cases where they were cut into rock this was not always necessary. They do not appear to have been used for burial or ritual purposes and it has been suggested that they were food stores or hiding places during times of strife, although some of them would have had very obvious entrances.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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