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spelt
Spelt (''Triticum spelta''), also known as dinkel wheat, or hulled wheat,〔 is a species of wheat cultivated since 5000 BCE.
Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times; it now survives as a relict crop in Central Europe and northern Spain and has found a new market as a health food. Spelt is sometimes considered a subspecies of the closely related species common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), in which case its botanical name is considered to be ''Triticum aestivum'' subsp. ''spelta''. It is a hexaploid wheat, which means it has six sets of chromosomes.
==Evolution==
Spelt has a complex history. It is a wheat species known from genetic evidence to have originated as a naturally occurring hybrid of a domesticated tetraploid wheat such as emmer wheat and the wild goat-grass ''Aegilops tauschii''. This hybridisation must have taken place in the Near East because this is where ''Ae. tauschii'' grows, and it must have taken place before the appearance of common or bread wheat (''Triticum aestivum'', a hexaploid free-threshing derivative of spelt) in the archaeological record about 8,000 years ago.
Genetic evidence shows that spelt wheat can also arise as the result of hybridisation of bread wheat and emmer wheat, although only at some date following the initial ''Aegilops''–tetraploid wheat hybridisation. The much later appearance of spelt in Europe might thus be the result of a later, second, hybridisation between emmer and bread wheat. Recent DNA evidence supports an independent origin for European spelt through this hybridisation. Whether spelt has two separate origins in Asia and Europe, or single origin in the Near East, is currently unresolved.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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