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Spetsnaz (), abbreviation for ''Войска специального назначения'', tr. ''Voyska specialnogo naznacheniya'' ((英語:Special Purpose Forces) or Special Purpose Military Units), is an umbrella term for special forces in Russian and is used in numerous post-Soviet states. Historically, the term referred to special military units controlled by the military intelligence service GRU (Spetsnaz GRU). It also describes special purpose units, or task forces of other ministries (such as the Ministry of Emergency Situations' special rescue unit) in post-Soviet countries. As Spetsnaz is a Russian term it is typically associated with the special forces units of Russia, however other post-Soviet states often refer to their special forces by the term as well, having themselves inherited their special purpose units from the now defunct Soviet security agencies. The 5th spetsnaz Brigade of Belarus or the Alpha group of the Security Service of Ukraine are both such examples of non-Russian Spetsnaz forces. ==Etymology== The Russian abbreviations SPETSNAZ, sometimes spelled as "SPECNAZ" (''specialnogo naznacheniya'') and OSNAZ (''osobogo naznacheniya''), both meaning "special purpose", are general terms used for a variety of special operations forces (or regular forces assigned to special tasks). They are syllabic abbreviations typical of early Soviet-era Russian, although many Cheka and Internal Troops units (such as OMSDON) used ''osobogo naznacheniya'' in their full names. ''Spetsnaz'' later referred to special purpose or special operations forces, and the word's widespread use is a relatively recent, post-''perestroika'' development in Russian language. The Soviet public used to know very little about their country's special forces until many state secrets were disclosed under the ''glasnost'' ("openness") policy of Mikhail Gorbachev during the late 1980s. Since then, stories about ''spetsnaz'' and their supposedly incredible prowess, from the serious to the highly questionable, have captivated the imagination of patriotic Russians, particularly in the background of the decay in military and security forces during ''perestroika'' and the post-Soviet era. A number of books about the Soviet military intelligence special forces, such as 1987's ''spetsnaz: The Story Behind the Soviet SAS'' by defected GRU agent Viktor Suvorov, helped introduce the term to the Western public as well. In post-Soviet Russia "''Spetsnaz''" became a colloquial term as special operations (''spetsoperatsiya''), from police raids to military operations in internal conflicts, grew more common. Coverage of these operations, and the celebrity status of special operations forces in state-controlled media, encouraged the public to identify many of these forces by name: SOBR, Alpha, Vityaz, and so forth. The term ''Spetsnaz'' has also continued to be used in several other post-Soviet states such as Belarus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan for their own special operations forces. In Russia, foreign special operations forces are also known as "Spetsnaz" (for example, United States special operations forces would be called "''amerikanskiy spetsnaz''"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spetsnaz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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