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Spironolactone, marketed under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/spironolactone.html )〕 Other uses include high blood pressure, low blood potassium that does not improve with supplementation, early puberty, and excessive hair growth in women.〔 It maybe used as a component of hormone replacement therapy for trans women. It is taken by mouth.〔 Common side effects include electrolyte abnormalities particularly high blood potassium, nausea, vomiting, headache, a rash, and a decreased desire for sex. In those with liver or kidney problems extra care should be taken.〔 Spironolactone has not been well studied in pregnancy and should not be used to treat high blood pressure of pregnancy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/spironolactone.html )〕 It is a steroid which blocks mineralocorticoid receptors and the effects of androgens. It belongs to a class of medications known as potassium-sparing diuretics.〔 Spironolactone was introduced in 1959. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication.〔 The wholesale cost as of 2014 is between 0.02 and 0.12 USD per day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=SPI25T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=25%20mg&desc=Spironolactone&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=16%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2816%2E%29Diuretics%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States it costs about 0.50 USD per day.〔 ==Medical uses== Spironolactone is used primarily to treat heart failure, edematous conditions such as nephrotic syndrome or ascites in people with liver disease, essential hypertension, hypokalemia, secondary hyperaldosteronism (such as occurs with hepatic cirrhosis), and Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism). On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic because it primarily targets the distal nephron (collecting tubule), where only small amounts of sodium are reabsorbed, but it can be combined with other diuretics to increase efficacy. Spironolactone is an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) as well as an inhibitor of androgen production. Due to the antiandrogenic effects that result from these actions, it is frequently used off-label to treat a variety of dermatological conditions in which androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), play a role. Some of these uses include androgenic alopecia in men (either at low doses or as a topical formulation) and women, and hirsutism, acne, and seborrhea in women. Spironolactone is the most commonly used drug in the treatment of hirsutism in the United States. Higher doses of spironolactone are not recommended in males due to the high risk of feminization and other side effects. Similarly, it is also commonly used to treat symptoms of hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「spironolactone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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