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subaltern
A subaltern is a primarily British military term for a junior officer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Subaltern )〕 Literally meaning "subordinate", subaltern is used to describe commissioned officers below the rank of captain and generally comprises the various grades of lieutenant.
Ensign stands for standard or standard-bearer and was, therefore, the rank given to the junior officer who carried, or was responsible for, the flag in battle. This rank has generally been replaced in Army ranks by Second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern itself existed.
==United Kingdom==
In the British Army, the senior subaltern rank was captain-lieutenant, obsolete since the 18th century. Before the Cardwell Reforms of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of cornet and ensign〔 were the junior subaltern ranks in the cavalry and infantry respectively, and were responsible for the flag. A subaltern takes temporary command of proceedings during Trooping the Colour. Within the ranks of subaltern, in a battalion or regiment, a Senior Subaltern may be appointed, usually by rank and seniority, who is responsible for discipline within the junior officer ranks and is responsible to the adjutant for this duty, although the adjutant is ultimately responsible to the commanding officer for the discipline of all the junior officers within the unit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://regimentalrogue.com/srsub/senior_subaltern.htm )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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