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subboreal
The Subboreal is the second before last climatic period of the Holocene. It lasted from 3710 to 450 BCE.
== History and stratigraphy ==
The composite scientific term ''Subboreal'', i. e. ''below the Boreal'', is derived from the Latin ''sub'' (below, under) and the Greek ''Βορέας'' - Boreas, the God of the North Wind. It was first introduced in 1889 by Rutger Sernander〔Sernander, R. (1889). Om växtlämningar i Skandinaviens marina bildningar. Bot. Not. 1889, p. 190-199, Lund.〕 to distinguish it from Axel Blytt's Boreal, established in 1876.〔BIytt, A. (1876a). Immigration of the Norwegian Flora. Alb. Cammermeyer. Christiania (Oslo), p. 89.〕 The Subboreal replaces the Atlantic and is followed by the Subatlantic.
The Subboreal is equivalent to W. H. Zagwijn's pollen zones IVa and IVb〔Waldo Heliodoor Zagwijn (1986). Nederland in het Holoceen. Geologie van Nederland, Deel 1, p. 46. Rijks Geologische Dienst Haarlem (editors). Staatsuitgeverij, 's-Gravenhage.〕 and T. Litt's pollen zone VIII.〔T. Litt, A. Brauer, T. Goslar, J. Merkt, K. Balaga, H. Müller, M. Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M. Stebich & J.F.W. Negendank (2001). Correlation and synchronisation of Lateglacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20, p. 1233–1249.〕 In the pollen scheme of Fritz Theodor Overbeck it occupies pollen zone X.
In paleoclimatology the Subboreal is divided into an Older Subboreal and a Younger Subboreal. Historically the Subboreal is equivalent to most of the Neolithic and the entire Bronze Age which started 4200 to 3800 years ago.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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