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According to the classical definition, a superacid is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid, which has a Hammett acidity function (''H''0) of −12. According to the modern definition, superacid is a medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is higher than in pure sulfuric acid. Commercially available superacids include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H), also known as triflic acid, and fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F), both of which are about a thousand times stronger (i.e. have more negative ''H''0 values) than sulfuric acid. Strong superacids are prepared by the combination of a strong Lewis acid and a strong Brønsted acid. A particularly strong superacid is fluoroantimonic acid. ==History== The term ''superacid'' was originally coined by James Bryant Conant in 1927 to describe acids that were stronger than conventional mineral acids.〔 George A. Olah prepared the so-called magic acid, so-named for its ability to attack hydrocarbons, by mixing antimony pentafluoride (SbF5) and fluorosulfonic acid (FSO3H). The name was coined after a candle was placed in a sample of magic acid. The candle dissolved, showing the ability of the acid to protonate hydrocarbons, which under normal acidic conditions do not protonate to any extent. At 140 °C (284 °F), FSO3H–SbF5 protonates methane to give the tertiary-butyl carbocation, a reaction that begins with the protonation of methane: :CH4 + H+ → : → + H2 : + 3 CH4 → (CH3)3C+ + 3H2 Common uses of superacids include providing an environment to create, maintain, and characterize carbocations. Carbocations are intermediates in numerous useful reactions such as those forming plastics and in the production of high-octane gasoline.〔(Fluoroantimonic Acid )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「superacid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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