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superficiality
What social psychologists call "the principle of superficiality versus depth"〔E. R. Smith/D. M. Mackie, ''Social Psychology'' (2007) p. 18-9〕 has pervaded Western culture since at least the time of Plato.〔Jacques Lacan, ''The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis'' (Penguin 1994) p. 71 and p. 112〕
==Historical sketch==
Socrates sought to convince his debaters to turn from the superficiality of a worldview based on the acceptance of convention to the examined life of philosophy,〔Kathryn A. Morgan, ''Myth and Philosophy from the pre-Socratics to Plato'' (2000) p. 229〕 founded (as Plato at least considered) upon the underlying Ideas. For more than two millennia, there was in the Platonic wake a general valorisation of critical thought over the superficial subjectivity that refused deep analysis.〔M. R. Gladstein/C. M. Sicabarra, ''Feminist Interpretations of Ayn Rand'' (1999) p. 130〕 The salon style of the Précieuses might for a time affect superficiality, and play with the possibility of treating serious topics in a light-hearted fashion;〔A. De Riencout, ''Sex and Power in History'' (1974) p. 268〕 but the prevailing western consensus firmly rejected elements such as everyday chatter〔Catherine Cusset, ''No Tomorrow'' (1996) p. 74〕 or the changing vagaries of fashion〔G. D. McCracken, ''Transformations'' (2008) p. 219〕 as superficial distractions from a deeper reality.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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