| 翻訳と辞書 |
suprafix
In linguistics, a suprafix is a type of affix that adds a suprasegmental pattern (such as tone or stress) to a neutral base in order to convey a derivational or inflectional meaning. For example, a number of African languages express tenseaspect distinctions by tone.〔Eugene Nida, ''Morphology: The Descriptive Analysis of Words'', 2nd ed., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1949, p. 63, Problem 46.〕 The term was suggested by Eugene Nida〔Nida, ''Morphology'', p. 69.〕 and taken up in Peter Matthews' influential morphology textbook〔P() H. Matthews, ''Morphology: An Introduction to the Theory of Word-Structure'', Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press 1974, p. 133〕 but is not very widely used. Some linguists prefer superfix, which was introduced by George L. Trager for the stress pattern of a word, which he regarded as a special morpheme that combines and unifies the parts of a word.〔George L. Trager, "Taos I: A language revisited". ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 14(1948), 155–160, p. 157〕
In many cases, it is more appropriate to assume that the base has a tone or stress pattern which is replaced by another in inflection or derivation. An example in English is initial-stressed nouns that are derived from verbs with final stress (e.g. ''prodúce'' > ''próduce'' ). Another is the Mandarin 好 ''hǎo'' ("to be good") and 好 ''hào'' ("to find good"), where the tone changes from low to falling. Some linguists use ''suprafix'' for such a suprasegmental change (in fact, Nida himself considered a distinction between ''additive suprafixes'' and ''replacive suprafixes''〔Nida, ''Morphology'', p. 69, fn. 11.〕).
== See also ==
* Initial-stress-derived noun
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「suprafix」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|