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synchronization
Synchronization is the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. The familiar conductor of an orchestra serves to keep the orchestra ''in time''. Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to be ''synchronous'' or ''in sync''.
Today, synchronization can occur on a global basis through the GPS-enabled timekeeping systems (and similar independent systems operated by the EU and Russia).
== Transport ==
Time-keeping and synchronization of clocks was a critical problem in long-distance ocean navigation; accurate time is required in conjunction with astronomical observations to determine how far East or West a vessel has traveled. The invention of an accurate marine chronometer revolutionized marine navigation. By the end of the 19th century, time signals in the form of a signal gun, flag, or dropping time ball, were provided at important ports so that mariners could check their chronometers for error.
Synchronization was important in the operation of 19th century railways, these being the first major means of transport fast enough for the differences in local time between adjacent towns to be noticeable. Each line handled the problem by synchronizing all its stations to headquarters as a standard railroad time. In some territories, sharing of single railroad tracks was controlled by the timetable. The need for strict timekeeping led the companies to settle on one standard, and civil authorities eventually abandoned local mean solar time in favor of that standard.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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