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A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. The word comes from Ancient Greek ''syn'' () ("with") and ''onoma'' () ("name"). An example of synonyms are the words ''begin'', ''start'', and ''commence''. Words can be synonymous when meant in certain senses, even if they are not synonymous in all of their senses. For example, if we talk about a ''long time'' or an ''extended time'', ''long'' and ''extended'' are synonymous within that context. Synonyms with exact interchangeability share a seme or denotational sememe, whereas those with inexactly similar meanings share a broader denotational or connotational sememe and thus overlap within a semantic field. Some academics call the former type cognitive synonyms to distinguish them from the latter type, which they call near-synonyms. In the figurative sense, two words are sometimes said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation: Metonymy can sometimes be a form of synonymy, as when, for example, ''the White House'' is used as a synonym of ''the administration'' in referring to the U.S. executive branch under a specific president. Thus a metonym is a type of synonym, and the word ''metonym'' is a hyponym of the word ''synonym''. The analysis of synonymy, polysemy, and hyponymy and hypernymy is vital to taxonomy and ontology in the information-science senses of those terms. It has applications in pedagogy and machine learning, because they rely on word-sense disambiguation and schema. == Examples == Synonyms can be any part of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both words belong to the same part of speech. Examples: *verb * *''buy'' and ''purchase'' *adjective * *''big'' and ''large'' *adverb * *''quickly'' and ''speedily'' *preposition * *''on'' and ''upon'' Note that synonyms are defined with respect to certain senses of words; for instance, ''pupil'' as the ''aperture in the iris of the eye'' is not synonymous with ''student''. Such like, ''he expired'' means the same as ''he died'', yet ''my passport has expired'' cannot be replaced by ''my passport has died''. In English, many synonyms emerged in the Middle Ages, after the Norman conquest of England. While England's new ruling class spoke Norman French, the lower classes continued to speak Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Thus, today we have synonyms like the Norman-derived ''people'', ''liberty'' and ''archer'', and the Saxon-derived ''folk'', ''freedom'' and ''bowman''. For more examples, see the list of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English. Some lexicographers claim that no synonyms have exactly the same meaning (in all contexts or social levels of language) because etymology, orthography, phonic qualities, ambiguous meanings, usage, etc. make them unique. Different words that are similar in meaning usually differ for a reason: ''feline'' is more formal than ''cat''; ''long'' and ''extended'' are only synonyms in one usage and not in others (for example, a ''long arm'' is not the same as an ''extended arm''). Synonyms are also a source of euphemisms. The purpose of a thesaurus is to offer the user a listing of similar or related words; these are often, but not always, synonyms. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「synonym」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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