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tachanka
The tachanka ((ロシア語:тача́нка)) was a horse-drawn machine gun platform, usually a cart or an open wagon with a heavy machine gun installed in the back. A tachanka could be pulled by two to four horses and required a crew of two or three (one driver and a machine gun crew). A number of sources attribute its invention to Nestor Makhno.〔William Henry Chamberlin, ''Russia's Iron Age'', Ayer Publishing, 1970, p201; V. Rapoport, Y. Alekseev, V. G. Treml (translated by B. Adams)〕〔''High Treason: Essays on the History of the Red Army, 1918-1938'', Duke University Press, 1985, p68〕〔Michael Malet, ''Nestor Makhno in the Russian Civil War'', Macmillan, 1982, p85〕〔Steve Zaloga, Leland S. Ness, ''Red Army Handbook, 1939-45'', Sutton, 1998, p105〕〔Leon Trotsky, ''How the Revolution Armed: The Military Writings and Speeches of Leon Trotsky'', New Park Publications, 1981, p 295〕〔Edward R. Kantowicz, The Rage of Nations: The World In The Twentieth Century, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1999, p173〕
== Origin ==
There are at least two plausible hypotheses about origin of the word ''tachanka''. The etymological dictionary of Vasmer suggests that the word derives from Ukrainian ''netychanka'' ("нетичанка"), Polish ''najtyczanka'', a type of a carriage named after the town of Neutitschein, now Nový Jičín in the Czech Republic.〔(Vasmer's dictionary entry )〕 According to another opinion, it is a Ukrainian diminutive, or endearing form of the word ''tachka'' ((ロシア語:та́чка), meaning 'wheelbarrow'). Still another opinion is that it is a contracted word 'tavrichanka' for rugged carriages known in Southern Ukraine and Crimea, derived from the name "Taurida" for this area. However the latter derivation is dubious because the 'tavrichanka', a large, rugged agricultural carriage, is of completely different design.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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