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tacrolimus
Tacrolimus (also FK-506 or fujimycin, trade names Prograf, Advagraf, Protopic) is an immunosuppressive drug used mainly after allogeneic organ transplant to lower the risk of organ rejection. It achieves this by inhibiting the production of interleukin-2, a molecule that promotes the development and proliferation of T cells, which are vital to the body's learned (or adaptive) immune response. Tacrolimus is also used in the treatment of other T cell-mediated diseases such as eczema (for which it is applied to the skin in a medicated ointment), severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, exacerbations of minimal change disease, Kimura's disease and the skin condition vitiligo.
Chemically it is a 23-membered macrolide lactone that was first discovered in 1987 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacterium ''Streptomyces tsukubaensis''.
==History==
Tacrolimus was discovered in 1987;〔Kino, T.et al.FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from aStreptomyces.1. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J. Antibiot.40,1249–1255 (1987).〕 it was among the first macrolide immunosuppressants discovered, preceded by the discovery of rapamycin (sirolimus) on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in 1975. It is produced by a soil bacterium, ''Streptomyces tsukubaensis''.〔 Supports source organism, but not team information〕 The name tacrolimus is derived from 'Tsukuba macrolide immunosuppressant'.〔Ponner, B, Cvach, B (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co.): Protopic Update 2005〕
Tacrolimus was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1994 for use in liver transplantation; this has been extended to include kidney, heart, small bowel, pancreas, lung, trachea, skin, cornea, bone marrow, and limb transplants.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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