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taijitu
The taijitu (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: tàijítú; Wade-Giles: t'ai⁴chi²t'u²; rough English translation: “diagram of supreme ultimate”) is a Chinese symbol for the concept of yin and yang (Taiji). It is the universal symbol of the philosophy known as Taoism and is also often used by non-Taoists to represent the concept of opposites existing in harmony. The taijitu consists of a rotated pattern inside a circle. One common pattern has an S-shaped line that divides the circle into two equal parts of different colors. The pattern may have one or more large dots. The classic Daoist taijitu (pictured right), for example, is black and white with a black dot upon the white background, and a white dot upon the black background. The earliest symbol to represent yin and yang was in I Ching which was written in 1000 BC.
Patterns similar to the taijitu also form part of Celtic, Etruscan, Roman and much earlier Cucuteni-Trypillian culture iconography, sometimes descriptively dubbed "yin yang symbols" in archaeological literature by modern scholars.〔; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 〕〔; ; ; 〕
== Geometric figure ==
The taijitu is a simple geometric figure, consisting of variations of nested circles. The classical Taoist symbol can be drawn with the help of a compass and straightedge: one draws on the diameter of a circle two non-overlapping circles each of which has a diameter equal to the radius of the outer circle. One keeps the line that forms an "S," and one erases or obscures the other line. Thus, one obtains a form which Taoist texts liken to a pair of fishes nestling head to tail against each other. This basic pattern is not a pure product of human imagination, but also occurs − of less geometrical precision − in nature (see image at the right). In the most common Daoist variant, the two differently colored halves additionally contain one dot each of opposite color.〔 The earliest symbols to represent yin and yang was in I Ching which was written in 1000 BC.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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