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takfiri
A takfiri ((アラビア語:تكفيري) ') is a Sunni Muslim who accuses another Muslim (or an adherent of another Abrahamic faith) of apostasy.〔https://fas.org/irp/crs/RS21745.pdf〕 The accusation itself is called ''takfir'', derived from the word ''kafir'' (unbeliever), and is described as when "one who is, or claims to be, a Muslim is declared impure."〔Kepel, Gilles; ''Jihad: the Trail of Political Islam'', London: I.B. Tauris, 2002, page 31〕 The act of accusing other Muslims of being takfiri has become a sectarian slur, particularly since the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011.
In principle the only group authorised to declare a member of an Abrahamic religion a kafir (unbeliever) is the ulema, and this is only done once all the prescribed legal precautions have been taken.〔 However, a growing number of splinter Wahhabist/Salafist groups, classified by some scholars as Salafi-Takfiris,〔Oliveti, Vincenzo; ''Terror's Source: the Ideology of Wahhabi-Salafism and its Consequences,'' Birmingham: Amadeus Books, 2002〕 have split from the orthodox method of establishing takfir through the processes of the Sharia law. They have reserved the right to declare apostasy against any Muslim, in addition to non-Muslims.
==Classification==
Takfiris have been classified by some commentators as violent offshoots of the Salafi movement, yet while Salafism is seen as a form of 'fundamentalist Islam', it is not an inherently violent movement that condones terrorism.〔Oliveti, ''Terror's Source'', (2002), page 45〕 Takfiris, on the other hand, condone acts of violence as legitimate methods of achieving religious or political goals. Middle East expert Robert Baer has written that
"''takfiri'' generally refers to a Sunni Muslim who looks at the world in black-and-white; there are true believers and then there are nonbelievers, with no shades in between. A ''takfiris mission is to re-create the Caliphate according to a literal interpretation of the Qur'an."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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