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takin
The takin (; ''Budorcas taxicolor''; ), also called cattle chamois or gnu goat,〔 is a goat-antelope found in the eastern Himalayas. The four subspecies are: ''B. t. taxicolor'', the Mishmi takin; ''B. t. bedfordi'', the Shaanxi takin or golden takin; ''B. t. tibetana'', the Tibetan or Sichuan takin; and ''B. t. whitei'', the Bhutan takin. Whilst the takin has in the past been placed together with the muskox in the tribe Ovibovini, more recent mitochondrial research shows a closer relationship to ''Ovis'' (sheep). Its physical similarity to the muskox is therefore an example of convergent evolution.〔 (Pamela Groves, Gerald F. Shields, CytochromeBSequences Suggest Convergent Evolution of the Asian Takin and Arctic Muskox, ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'', Volume 8, Issue 3, December 1997, Pages 363-374, ISSN 1055-7903, ) .〕 The takin is the national animal of Bhutan.
==Appearance==
The takin rivals the muskox as the largest and stockiest of the subfamily Caprinae, which includes all goats, sheep, and similar species. Short legs are supported on large, two-toed hooves, which have a highly developed spur.〔〔 The body is stocky and the chest is deep. The large head is made more distinctive by the long, arched nose, and stout horns that are ridged at the base and can reach in length.〔 Both sexes have small horns which run parallel to the skull and then turn upwards in a short point, these are around long. The long, shaggy coat is light in color, with a dark stripe along the back,〔 and males (bulls) also have dark faces.〔 Four subspecies of takin are currently recognised, and these tend to show a variation in coat color. Their thick wool often turns black in color on their undersides and legs. The overall coloration ranges from dark blackish to reddish-brown suffused with grayish-yellow in the eastern Himalayas to lighter yellow-gray in the Sichuan Province to mostly golden or (rarely) creamy-white with fewer black hairs in the Shaanxi Province. The legend of the 'golden fleece', searched for by Jason and the Argonauts,〔 may have been inspired by the lustrous coat of the golden takin (''B. t. bedfordi'').〔 The hairs of the species can range from , on the flanks of the body in summer, up to , on the underside of the head in winter.
Takin stand at the shoulder and measure a relatively short in head-and-body length. The tail adds only a further . Weights reported are somewhat variable, but the species is quite heavy. According to most reports, the males are slightly larger, reportedly weighing against in females.〔WWF: (Takin )〕 However, per Betham (1908), females are larger, with the largest captive takin known to the author, at , having been female. Other sources report that takin can weigh up to or in some cases.〔http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Budorcas_taxicolor.html〕〔Smith, A. T., Xie, Y. (eds.) (2008) (''A Guide to the Mammals of China'' ). Princeton University Press, Princeton Oxforshire. Page 472.〕
Rather than localised scent glands, the takin has an oily, strong-smelling substance secreted over the whole body.〔Macdonald, D. (2001) ''The New Encyclopedia of Mammals''. Oxford University Press, Oxford. via arkive.org〕 This is likely the reason for the swollen appearance of the face. Due to this feature, biologist George Schaller likened the takin to a "bee-stung moose",.〔 Their combination of features has also earned them the nicknames "cattle chamois" and "gnu goat".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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