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tarantella
Tarantella ((:taranˈtɛlla)) is a group of various folk dances characterized by a fast upbeat tempo, usually in 6/8 time (sometimes 18/8 or 4/4), accompanied by tambourines.〔Morehead, P.D., ''Bloombury Dictionary of Music'', London, Bloombury, 1992〕 It is among the most recognized forms of traditional southern Italian music. The specific dance-name varies with every region, for instance ''tammuriata'' in Campania, ''pizzica'' in the Salento region, ''Sonu a ballu'' in Calabria. Tarantella is popular in Southern Italy and Argentina.
== History ==
In the Italian province of Taranto, Apulia, the bite of a locally common type of wolf spider, named "tarantula" after the region,〔Linnaeus would name the spider Lycosa tarantula in 1758〕 was popularly believed to be highly poisonous and to lead to a hysterical condition known as tarantism. This became known as the Tarantella. The oldest documents mentioning the relationship between musical exorcism and the tarantula date to around 1100 BC . R.Lowe Thompson proposed that the dance is a survival from a "Dianic or Dionysiac cult", driven underground.〔R.Lowe Thompson. ''The History of the Devil''. Paul, Trench, Tubner and Co. (1929), p.164.〕 John Compton later proposed that the Roman Senate had suppressed these ancient Bacchanalian rites. In 186 BC the tarantella went underground, reappearing under the guise of emergency therapy for bite victims.〔John Compton. ''The Life of the Spider''. Mentor Books (1954), p. 56f.〕
The tradition persists in the area, and is known as "Neo-Tarantism". Many young artists, groups and famous musicians continue to keep the tradition alive. The music is very different—its tempo is faster, for one thing—but it has similar hypnotic effects, especially when people are exposed to the rhythm for a long period of time. The music is used in the therapy of patients with certain forms of depression and hysteria, and its effects on the endocrine system recently became an object of research.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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