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The tarot (; first known as trionfi and later as tarocchi, tarock, and others) is a pack of playing cards (most commonly numbering 78), used from the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play a group of card games such as Italian tarocchini and French tarot. From the late 18th century until the present time the tarot has also found use by mystics and occultists for divination. Like the common deck of playing cards, the tarot has four suits (which vary by region, being the French suits in Northern Europe, the Latin suits in Southern Europe, and the German suits in Central Europe). Each of these suits has pip cards numbering from one (or Ace) to ten and four face cards (King, Queen, Knight, and Jack/Knave) for a total of 14 cards. In addition, the tarot has a separate 21-card trump suit and a single card known as the Fool. Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit.〔 〕 François Rabelais gives ''tarau'' as the name of one of the games played by Gargantua in his ''Gargantua and Pantagruel'';〔François Rabelais, ''Gargantua and Pantagruel'', ch. 22, "Les Jeux de Gargantua"〕 this is likely the earliest attestation of the French form of the name. Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play card games. In English-speaking countries, where these games are largely unplayed, tarot cards are now used primarily for divinatory purposes.〔 Occultists call the trump cards and the Fool "the major arcana" while the ten pip and four court cards in each suit are called minor arcana. The cards are traced by some occult writers to ancient Egypt or the Kabbalah but there is no documented evidence of such origins or of the usage of tarot for divination before the 18th century.〔 ==Etymology== The English and French word tarot derives from the Italian ''tarocchi'', which has no known origin or etymology.〔 The singular term is ''tarocco'', commonly known today as a term for a type of blood orange in Italian. When it spread, the word was changed to ''tarot'' in French and ''Tarock'' in German. There are many theories to the origin of the word, many with no connection to the occult.〔(About the etymology of Tarot ), Michael S. Howard - Le Tarot〕 One theory relates the name "tarot" to the Taro River in northern Italy, near Parma; the game seems to have originated in northern Italy, in Milan or Bologna.〔Cassandra Eason, ''Complete Guide to Tarot'', p. 3 (Crossing Press, 2000; ISBN 1-58091-068-8)〕 Other writers believe it comes from the Arabic word طرق ''turuq'', which means 'ways'. Alternatively, it may be from the Arabic ترك ''taraka'', 'to leave, abandon, omit, leave behind'.〔(Etymology for ''Tarot'' ), Douglas Harper - The Online Etymology Dictionary〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tarot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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