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A tattoo is a form of body modification, made by inserting indelible ink into the dermis layer of the skin to change the pigment. ==Etymology== The word ''tattoo'', or ''tattow'' in the 18th century, is a loanword from the Polynesian word ''tatau'', meaning "correct, workmanlike". The Oxford English Dictionary gives the etymology of tattoo as "In 18th c. tattaow, tattow. From Polynesian (Tahitian, Samoan, Tongan, etc.) tatau. In Marquesan, tatu." Before the importation of the Polynesian word, the practice of tattooing had been described in the West as pricking, painting, or staining. Sailors on the voyage later introduced both the word and reintroduced the concept of tattooing to Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000 )〕 This is not to be confused with the origins of the word for the military drumbeat — see ''military tattoo''. In this case, the English word tattoo is derived from the Dutch word ''taptoe'' (OED). The first written reference to the word ''tattoo'' (or ''tatau''), appears in the journal of Joseph Banks (24 February 1743 – 19 June 1820), the naturalist aboard Captain Cook's ship the ''HMS Endeavour'': "I shall now mention the way they mark themselves indelibly, each of them is so marked by their humor or disposition". The word "tattoo" was brought to Europe by the explorer James Cook, when he returned in 1769 from his first voyage to Tahiti and New Zealand. In his narrative of the voyage, he refers to an operation called "tattaw". Before this it had been described as scarring, painting, or staining. Tattoo enthusiasts may refer to tattoos as "ink", "pieces", "skin art", "tattoo art", "tats", or "work"; to the creators as "tattoo artists", "tattooers", or "tattooists"; and to places where they work as "tattoo shops", "tattoo studios", or "tattoo parlors". Mainstream art galleries hold exhibitions of both conventional and custom tattoo designs such as ''Beyond Skin'', at the Museum of Croydon. Copyrighted tattoo designs that are mass-produced and sent to tattoo artists are known as "flash", a notable instance of industrial design. Flash sheets are prominently displayed in many tattoo parlors for the purpose of providing both inspiration and ready-made tattoo images to customers. The Japanese word ''irezumi'' means "insertion of ink" and can mean tattoos using ''tebori'', the traditional Japanese hand method, a Western-style machine, or for that matter, any method of tattooing using insertion of ink. The most common word used for traditional Japanese tattoo designs is ''Horimono''. Japanese may use the word "tattoo" to mean non-Japanese styles of tattooing. Anthropologist Ling Roth in 1900 described four methods of skin marking and suggested they be differentiated under the names "tatu", "moko", "cicatrix", and "keloid". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「tattoo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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