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telecommunication
Telecommunication occurs when the exchange of information between two or more entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Definition of telecommunication )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Telecommunication )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Telecommunication )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Telecommunication )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Telecommunication )〕 The word is often used in its plural form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies.
Early means of communicating over a distance included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs.〔Websters definition: "2) technology that deals with telecommunication —usually used in plural"; Concise Encyclopedia definition: "Communication n parties at a distance from one another...."; and the Online Etymology Dictionary: "telecommunication (n.) 1932, from French télécommunication (see tele- + communication)."; and: " 1930s: from French télécommunication, from télé- 'at a distance' + communication 'communication' ", Oxford online.〕 Other examples of pre-modern long-distance communication included audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Modern technologies for long-distance communication usually involve electrical and electromagnetic technologies, such as telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, and communications satellites.
A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as Vladimir K. Zworykin, John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television).
==Etymology==
The word ''telecommunication'' was adapted from the French.〔 It is a compound of the Greek prefix ''tele-'' (τηλε-), meaning "distant", and the Latin ''communicare'', meaning "to share"in 1904 by the French engineer and novelist Édouard Estaunié.〔Jean-Marie Dilhac, (From tele-communicare to Telecommunications ), 2004.〕〔''Telecommunication'', ''tele-'' and ''communication'', New Oxford American Dictionary (2nd edition), 2005.〕
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