|
Telepathy (from the Ancient Greek τῆλε, ''tele'' meaning "distant" and πάθος, ''pathos'' or ''-patheia'' meaning "feeling, perception, passion, affliction, experience")〔(Telepathy ). CollinsDictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved December 06, 2012.〕〔Following the model of sympathy and empathy.〕 is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar Frederic W. H. Myers, a founder of the Society for Psychical Research,〔 〕 and has remained more popular than the earlier expression ''thought-transference''.〔〔(Glossary of Parapsychological terms - Telepathy ) — Parapsychological Association. Retrieved December 19, 2006.〕 There is no scientific evidence that telepathy is a real phenomenon. Many studies seeking to detect, understand, and utilize telepathy have been carried out, but no replicable results from well-controlled experiments exist.〔Felix Planer. (1980). ''Superstition''. Cassell. p. 218. ISBN 0-304-30691-6 "Many experiments have attempted to bring scientific methods to bear on the investigation of the subject. Their results based on literally millions of tests, have made it abundantly clear that there exists no such phenomenon as telepathy, and that the seemingly successful scores have relied either on illusion, or on deception."〕〔Spencer Rathus. (2011). ''Psychology: Concepts and Connections''. Cengage Learning. p. 143. ISBN 978-1111344856 "There is no adequate scientific evidence that people can read other people's minds. Research has not identified one single indisputable telepath or clairvoyant."〕 Telepathy is a common theme in modern fiction and science fiction, with many extraterrestrials, superheroes and supervillains having telepathic ability. ==Origins of the concept== The origin of the concept of telepathy in the Western civilization can be tracked to the late 19th century.〔Roger Luckhurst. (2002). ''The Invention of Telepathy, 1870-1901''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199249626〕 As the physical sciences made significant advances, scientific concepts were applied to mental phenomena (e.g., animal magnetism), with the hope that this would help understand paranormal phenomena. The modern concept of telepathy emerged in this context.〔 The notion of telepathy is not dissimilar to two psychological concepts: delusions of thought insertion/removal. This similarity might explain how an individual might come to the conclusion that they were experiencing telepathy. Thought insertion/removal is a symptom of psychosis, particularly of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.〔Richard Noll. (2007). ''The Encyclopedia of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders''. Facts on File. p. 359. ISBN 978-0816064052〕 Psychiatric patients who experience this symptom falsely believe that some of their thoughts are not their own and that others (e.g., other people, aliens, demons or fallen angels, or conspiring intelligence agencies) are putting thoughts into their minds (thought insertion). Some patients feel as if thoughts are being taken out of their minds or deleted (thought removal). Along with other symptoms of psychosis, delusions of thought insertion may be reduced by antipsychotic medication. Psychiatrists and clinical psychologists believe and empirical findings support the idea that people with schizotypy and schizotypal personality disorder are particularly likely to believe in telepathy.〔Graham Pickup. (2006). ''Cognitive Neuropsychiatry''. Volume 11, Number 2, Number 2/March 2006. pp. 117-192〕〔Andrew Gumley, Matthias Schwannauer. (2006). ''Staying Well After Psychosis: A Cognitive Interpersonal Approach to Recovery and Relapse Prevention''. Wiley. p. 187. ISBN 978-0470021859 "Schizotypy refers to a normal personality construct characterised by an enduring tendency to experience attenuated forms of hallucinatory (e.g. hearing one's own thoughts) and delusional experiences (e.g. beliefs in telepathy)."〕〔Mary Townsend. (2013). ''Essentials of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice''. F. A. Davis Company. p. 613. ISBN 978-0803638761 "Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder are aloof and isolated and behave in a bland and apathetic manner. Magical thinking, ideas of reference, illusions, and depersonalization are part of their everybody world. Examples include superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, or "six sense;" and beliefs that "others can feel my feelings."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「telepathy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|