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tenement
A tenement is, in most English-speaking areas, a substandard multi-family dwelling in the urban core, usually old and occupied by the poor. In Scotland it still has its original meaning of a multi-occupancy building of any sort, and in parts of England, especially Devon and Cornwall, it refers to an outshot, or additional projecting part at the back of a terraced house, normally with its own roof.〔''Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University, 2007, ISBN 0199206872, p. 3804.〕
==History==
The term "tenement" originally referred to tenancy and therefore to any rented accommodation. The New York State legislature defined it in the Tenement House Act of 1867 in terms of rental occupancy by multiple households, as
In Scotland, it continues to be the most common word for a multiple-occupancy building, but elsewhere it is used as a pejorative in contrast to ''apartment building'' or ''block of flats''.〔For example, Heller, Vivian. ''The City Beneath Us: Building the New York Subways'', New York Transit Museum, New York: Norton, 2004, ISBN 978-0-393-05797-3, (p. 34 ) quotes an Italian mason contrasting the better accommodations for the poor built in New York in response to a 1901 law with tenements: "We didn't call them tenements ... we called them apartment houses, because that's what they really were. To us, a tenement was a dump."〕 Tenement houses were either adapted or built for the working class as cities industrialized,〔Bauman, (p. 6 ).〕 and came to be contrasted with middle-class apartment houses, which started to become fashionable later in the 19th century. Late 19th-century social reformers in the U.S. were hostile to both tenements (for fostering disease, and immorality in the young) and apartment houses (for fostering "sexual immorality, sloth, and divorce.").〔Hutchison, Janet. "Shaping Housing and Enhancing Consumption: Hoover's Interwar Housing Policy," ''From Tenements to the Taylor Homes'' pp. 81–101, (p. 83 ).〕
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