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''Chat, Satsana, Phra Maha Kasat'' | national_anthem = ''Phleng Chat Thai'' ((英語:"Thai National Anthem")) | royal_anthem = ''Sansoen Phra Barami'' ((英語:"Thai Royal Anthem")) | image_map = Location Thailand ASEAN.svg |map_caption = | image_map2 = Thailand - Location Map (2013) - THA - UNOCHA.svg | capital = Bangkok | latd=13 |latm=45 |latNS=N |longd=100 |longm=29 |longEW=E | largest_city = Bangkok | official_languages = Thai〔(Thailand ), ''The World Factbook''.〕 | languages_type = Official script | languages = | religion = Buddhism | ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = 2009 | demonym = Thai Siamese (archaic) | government_type = Constitutional monarchy under military junta | leader_title1 = Monarch | leader_name1 = Bhumibol Adulyadej | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Prayut Chan-o-cha | legislature = National Assembly (''currently dissolved'') | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Sukhothai Kingdom | established_date1 = 1238–1448 | established_event2 = Ayutthaya Kingdom | established_date2 = 1351–1767 | established_event3 = Thonburi Kingdom | established_date3 = 1768–1782 | established_event4 = Rattanakosin Kingdom | established_date4 = 6 April 1782 | established_event5 = | established_date5 = 24 June 1932 | established_event6 = | established_date6 = 22 July 2014 | area_rank = 51st | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | area_km2 = 513,120 | area_sq_mi = 198,115 | percent_water = | population_estimate = 67,091,120 | population_estimate_rank = 20th〔 | population_estimate_year = 2014〔 | population_census = 64,785,909〔 National Statistics Office, ("100th anniversary of population censuses in Thailand: Population and housing census 2010: 11th census of Thailand" ). popcensus.nso.go.th.〕 | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 132.1 | population_density_sq_mi = 342 | population_density_rank = 88th | GDP_PPP = US$1.107 trillion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Thailand )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = 22nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$16,081〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$5,426〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = | Gini = 39.4 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = steady | HDI = 0.722 |HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 89th | currency = Baht (฿) | currency_code = THB | time_zone = ICT | utc_offset = +7 | time_zone_DST = | DST_note = | utc_offset_DST = | drives_on = left | calling_code = +66 | itu_prefix = HS, E2 | cctld = }} Thailand ( or ; (タイ語:ประเทศไทย), ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand ((タイ語:ราชอาณาจักรไทย), ; ), formerly known as Siam ((タイ語:สยาม); ), is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest. Thailand is governed by a military junta that took power in the May 2014 coup d'état. Its monarchy is headed by King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who is called ''Rama IX'' as he is the ninth monarch of the Chakri Dynasty, and has reigned since 1946 as the world's longest-serving head of state and the country's longest-reigning monarch (he has reigned for ) With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok, which is Thailand's political, commercial, industrial, and cultural hub. About 75–95% of the population is ethnically Tai, which includes four major regional groups: central Thai, northeastern Thai (Khon () Isan),〔 northern Thai (Khon Mueang); and southern Thai. Thai Chinese, those of significant Chinese heritage, are 14% of the population,〔 while Thais with partial Chinese ancestry comprise up to 40% of the population. Thai Malays represent 3% of the population, with the remainder consisting of Mons, Khmers and various "hill tribes". The country's official language is Thai and the primary religion is Theravada Buddhism, which is practised by around 95% of the population. Thailand experienced rapid economic growth between 1985 and 1996, becoming a newly industrialised country and a major exporter. Manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism are leading sectors of the economy.〔(Thailand and the World Bank ), World Bank on Thailand country overview.〕〔The Guardian, (Country profile: Thailand ), 25 April 2009.〕 Among the ten ASEAN countries, Thailand ranks third in quality of life.〔 and the country's HDI is rated as "high". Its large population and growing economic influence have made it a middle power in the region and around the world.〔Jonathan H. Ping (Middle Power Statecraft ) (p 104)〕 ==Etymology== ===Etymology of "Siam"=== The country has always been called ''Mueang Thai'' by its citizens. By others, it is known by the exonym ''Siam'' ((タイ語:สยาม) , , also spelled ''Siem'', ''Syâm'', or ''Syâma''). The word ''Siam'' has been identified with the Sanskrit ''Śyāma'' (श्याम, meaning "dark" or "brown"). The names ''Shan'' and ''A-hom'' seem to be variants of the same word. The word ''Śyâma'' is possibly not its origin, but a learned and artificial distortion. The signature of King Mongkut (r. 1851 – 1868) reads ''SPPM'' (Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha) ''Mongkut King of Siam'', giving it official status until 23 June 1939 when it was changed to Thailand.〔(Thailand (Siam) History ), CSMngt-Thai. 〕 Thailand was renamed Siam from 1945 to 11 May 1949, after which it again reverted to Thailand. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「thailand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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