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That is a function word used in the English language for several grammatical purposes. These include: * as a complementizer/subordinating conjunction. ("He asked that she go.") * to introduce a restrictive relative clause ("The test that she took was hard.") In this role ''that'' may be analyzed either as a relative pronoun or as a conjunction as in the first case; see English relative clauses: That a relativizer instead of relative pronoun. * as a demonstrative pronoun ("That was hard.") (plural: ''those'') * as a demonstrative adjective ("That test was hard.") (plural: ''those'') * as an adverb ("The test wasn't that bad.") In the first two uses the word is usually pronounced weakly, as , whereas in the other uses it is pronounced . In the Old English language ''that'' was spelled ''þæt''. It was also abbreviated as a letter Thorn, ''þ'', with the ascender crossed, ''ꝥ'' ( OE thaet.png ). In Middle English the letter Ash, ''æ'', was replaced with the letter ''a'', so that ''that'' was spelled ''þat'', or sometimes ''þet''. The ascender of the ''þ'' was reduced (making it similar to the Old English letter Wynn, (unicode:ƿ)), which necessitated writing a small ''t'' above the letter to abbreviate the word ''that'' ( ME that.png ). In later Middle English and Early Modern English the ''þ'' evolved into a ''y'' shape, so that the word was spelled ''yat'' (although the spelling with a ''th'' replacing the ''þ'' was starting to become more popular) and the abbreviation for ''that'' was a ''y'' with a small ''t'' above it ( File:EME that.svg ). This abbreviation can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as 2 Corinthians 13:7. ''That'' is often omitted when used to introduce a subordinate clause—''"He told me that it is a good read."'' could just as easily be ''"He told me it is a good read."'' Historically, "that" usually followed a comma: "He told me, that it is a good read." Middle Modern English grammarian Joseph Robertson recommended in ''On Punctuation'' that a comma be used with a conjunction. However, if the subordinate, conjunctional ellipse, null complement, or syntactic pleonasm of "that" is punctuated with a comma, then, in the English grammar, stylistically speaking, it is a comma splice, especially in formal writing. Instead, a semicolon should be used to be grammatically correct: '' He told me; it is a good read''. In grammar, the usage of "that" constitutes a that-clause while its absence constitutes a bare clause. ==See also== * That's (disambiguation) * This (disambiguation) * Those (disambiguation) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「that」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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