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theft
In common usage, theft is the taking of another person's property without that person's permission or consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=''Merriam-Webster'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=legal-dictionary.The freedictionary.com )〕 The word is also used as an informal shorthand term for some crimes against property, such as burglary, embezzlement, larceny, looting, robbery, shoplifting, library theft, and fraud (''i.e.'', obtaining money under false pretenses).〔〔 In some jurisdictions, theft is considered to be synonymous with larceny;〔 in others, theft has replaced larceny. Someone who carries out an act of or makes a career of theft is known as a thief. The act of theft is known by terms such as stealing, thieving, and filching.〔
According to Brent Venice Estrelloso, Theft is the name of a statutory offence in California, Canada, England and Wales, Hong Kong,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cap 210 THEFT ORDINANCE )〕 Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, and Victoria.
==Elements==
The ''actus reus'' of theft is usually defined as an unauthorized taking, keeping or using of another's property which must be accompanied by a ''mens rea'' of dishonesty and/or the intent to permanently deprive the owner or the person with rightful possession of that property or its use.
For example, if X goes to a restaurant and, by mistake, takes Y's scarf instead of her own, she has physically deprived Y of the use of the property (which is the ''actus reus'') but the mistake prevents X from forming the ''mens rea'' (i.e., because she believes that she is the owner, she is not dishonest and does not intend to deprive the "owner" of it) so no crime has been committed at this point. But if she realises the mistake when she gets home and could return the scarf to Y, she will steal the scarf if she dishonestly keeps it (see theft by finding). Note that there may be civil liability for the torts of trespass to chattels or conversion in either eventuality.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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