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The ''Theogony'' ((ギリシア語:Θεογονία), ''Theogonía'', , i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th – 7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC It is written in the Epic dialect of Homeric Greek. ==Descriptions== Hesiod's ''Theogony'' is a large-scale synthesis of a vast variety of local Greek traditions concerning the gods, organized as a narrative that tells how they came to be and how they established permanent control over the Cosmos. It is the first Greek mythical cosmogony. The initial state of the universe is chaos, a dark indefinite void considered a divine primordial condition from which everything else appeared. Theogonies are a part of Greek mythology which embodies the desire to articulate reality as a whole; this universalizing impulse was fundamental for the first later projects of speculative theorizing.〔 p. 28〕 In many cultures, narratives about the origin of the Cosmos and about the gods that shaped it are a way for society to reaffirm its native cultural traditions. Specifically, theogonies tend to affirm kingship as the natural embodiment of society. What makes the ''Theogony'' of Hesiod unique is that it affirms no historical royal line. Such a gesture would have sited the ''Theogony'' in one time and one place. Rather, the ''Theogony'' affirms the kingship of the god Zeus himself over all the other gods and over the whole Cosmos. Further, in the "Kings and Singers" passage (80–103) Hesiod appropriates to himself the authority usually reserved to sacred kingship. The poet declares that it is he, where we might have expected some king instead, upon whom the Muses have bestowed the two gifts of a scepter and an authoritative voice (Hesiod, ''Theogony'' 30–3), which are the visible signs of kingship. It is not that this gesture is meant to make Hesiod a king. Rather, the point is that the authority of kingship now belongs to the poetic voice, the voice that is declaiming the ''Theogony''. Although it is often used as a sourcebook for Greek mythology,〔Herodotus (II.53) cited it simply as an authoritative list of divine names, attributes and functions.〕 the ''Theogony'' is both more and less than that. In formal terms it is a hymn invoking Zeus and the Muses: parallel passages between it and the much shorter Homeric ''Hymn to the Muses'' make it clear that the ''Theogony'' developed out of a tradition of hymnic preludes with which an ancient Greek rhapsode would begin his performance at poetic competitions. It is necessary to see the ''Theogony'' not as the definitive source of Greek mythology, but rather as a snapshot of a dynamic tradition that happened to crystallize when Hesiod formulated the myths he knew—and to remember that the traditions have continued evolving since that time. The written form of the ''Theogony'' was established in the 6th century. Even some conservative editors have concluded that the Typhon episode (820–68) is an interpolation.〔F. Solmsen, ''Hesiod and Aeschylus'' (Ithaca: Cornell Studies in Classical Philology 30) 1949:53 and note 172 with citations; "if an interpolation," Joseph Eddy Fontenrose observes (''Python: a study of Delphic myth and its origins'': 71, note 3), "it was made early enough."〕 Hesiod was probably influenced by some Near-Eastern traditions, such as the Babylonian Dynasty of Dunnum, which were mixed with local traditions, but they are more likely to be lingering traces from the Mycenaean tradition than the result of oriental contacts in Hesiod's own time. The decipherment of Hittite mythical texts, notably the ''Kingship in Heaven'' text first presented in 1946, with its castration mytheme, offers in the figure of Kumarbi an Anatolian parallel to Hesiod's Uranus-Cronus conflict.〔Walter Burkert, ''The Orientalizing Revolution: Near Eastern Influence on Greek Culture in the Early Archaic Age'' (Harvard University Press) 192, offers discussion and bibliography of related questions.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「theogony」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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